Área metropolitana de Nova York

Área metropolitana de Nova York
Área metropolitana de Nova York ; Nova York – Newark – Bridgeport, NY, NJ, CT, PA
	Megacidade
	Nova York , descrita como a capital cultural, financeira, diplomática e da mídia do mundo. Manhattan (acima) funciona como o núcleo financeiro e cultural de toda a área metropolitana de Nova York.
	Coordenadas: 40 ° 48′31 ″ N 74 ° 1′13,39 ″ W / 40.80861°N 74.0203861°W Coordenadas : 40 ° 48′31 ″ N 74 ° 1′13,39 ″ W / 40.80861°N 74.0203861°W
País	Estados Unidos
Estados	New York New Jersey Connecticut Pennsylvania; ; ;
Cidade central	Nova york
Outros municípios	Mais de 100.000 habitantes * Babilônia Bridgeport; Brookhaven; Edison; Elizabeth; Hempstead; Huntington; Islip; Jersey City; New Haven; Newark; North Hempstead; Oyster Bay; Paterson; Smithtown; Stamford; Waterbury; Woodbridge; Yonkers; ;
Área
• Megacidade	3.450,2 MI quadrado (8.936 km 2 )
População (2010)
• Densidade	5.318 / sq mi (2.053 / km 2 )
• Metro	18.351.295
• MSA (2017)	20.320.876 ( 1º )
• CSA (2016)	21.689.255 ( 1º )
Fuso horário	UTC-05: 00 ( EST )
• Verão ( DST )	UTC-04: 00 ( EDT )
Código (s) de área	201 , 203 , 212 , 332 , 272 , 347 , 475 , 484 , 516 , 551 , 570 , 609 , 610 , 631 , 640 , 646 , 718 , 732 , 845 , 848 , 860 , 862 , 908 , 914 , 917 , 929 , 973
GMP	$ 1,7 trilhão
	Altitude mais alta 4.180 pés / 1.274 m ( Slide Mountain (Ulster County, Nova York) , nas montanhas Catskill ). ; Elevação mais baixa de 0 pés / 0 m ( nível do mar ) no Oceano Atlântico , Long Island Sound e nos cursos d' água do estuário do rio Hudson .

A área metropolitana de Nova York é a maior área metropolitana do mundo em massa de terra urbana , com 4.669,0 MI quadrado (12.093 km ² ), ^[17] e uma das aglomerações urbanas mais populosas do mundo. A área metropolitana inclui Nova York (a mais populosa cidade no Estados Unidos ), Long Island , eo Mid e Lower Hudson Valley no estado de Nova York ; as cinco maiores cidades de Nova Jersey : Newark , Jersey City , Paterson, Elizabeth e Edison , e suas vizinhanças; e seis das sete maiores cidades de Connecticut : Bridgeport , New Haven , Stamford , Waterbury , Norwalk e Danbury e seus arredores. A área metropolitana de Nova York fica dentro da maior Megalópole do Nordeste .

A área metropolitana de Nova York é a mais populosa dos Estados Unidos, conforme definido pela Área Estatística Metropolitana (20,3 milhões de residentes em 2017) ^[13] e pela Área Estatística Combinada (23,7 milhões de residentes em 2016). A área metropolitana abriga aproximadamente 6% da população dos Estados Unidos. ^[18] É a décima maior aglomeração urbana do mundo. ^[19]^[20]^[21] A área metropolitana de Nova York continua a ser a principal porta de entrada para a imigração legal para os Estados Unidos , ^[22]^[23]^[24]^[25] com a maiorpopulação estrangeira de qualquer região metropolitana do mundo. O MSA cobre 6.720 sq mi (17.405 km ² ), enquanto a área do CSA é 13.318 sq mi (34.493 km ² ), abrangendo uma região étnica e geograficamente diversa. A população da área metropolitana de Nova York é maior do que a do estado de Nova York, e o espaço aéreo metropolitano acomodou mais de 130 milhões de passageiros em 2016. ^[26]

Como um centro de muitos setores, incluindo finanças, fintech , comércio internacional , notícias e mídia tradicional, imobiliário, educação, moda, entretenimento , turismo, biotecnologia , direito e manufatura, a região metropolitana de Nova York é uma das regiões econômicas mais importantes regiões do mundo. Em 2019 ^[update], estima-se que a área metropolitana de Nova York produza um produto metropolitano bruto ( GMP ) de US $ 1,7 trilhão. Se a área metropolitana de Nova York fosse um estado soberano , teria a oitava maior economia do mundo. Metropolitan New York é o lar do maior número de bilionáriosde qualquer metrópole do mundo. De acordo com a Forbes , em 2014, a área metropolitana de Nova York abrigava oito dos dez principais CEPs dos Estados Unidos por preço médio de habitação, com seis apenas em Manhattan . ^[27] A área metropolitana de Nova York também abriga cinco dos dez lugares mais ricos da América, de acordo com a Bloomberg . Estes são Scarsdale , NY; Short Hills , NJ; Old Greenwich , CT; Bronxville , NY; e Darien , CT. ^[28]

A rede de ensino superior da região metropolitana de Nova York compreende centenas de faculdades e universidades, incluindo três universidades da Ivy League : Columbia , Yale e Princeton .

Definições [ editar ]

Área metropolitana estatística[ editar ]

Vista noturna da área metropolitana de Nova York, a conurbação mais bem iluminada do mundo e a maior massa de terra urbana. Long Island se estende por 120 milhas a leste de Manhattan , o núcleo central da conurbação.

Parte do Palisades Interstate Park , os penhascos de New Jersey Palisades de Bergen County têm vista para o Rio Hudson, bem como para o Bronx e Upper Manhattan em Nova York .

Envolvida pelo Oceano Atlântico e pelo estreito de Long Island , a cidade de Nova York e Long Island sozinhas abrigam aproximadamente 11 milhões de residentes.

A ponte Bear Mountain conectando os condados de Westchester e Orange , Nova York , através do rio Hudson, visto da Bear Mountain

O Escritório de Gestão e Orçamento dos Estados Unidos utiliza duas definições da área: a área estatística metropolitana (MSA) e a área estatística combinada (CSA). A definição da MSA é intitulada New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA Metropolitan Statistical Area , e inclui uma população de 20,3 milhões de pessoas nas estimativas do Censo de 2017, cerca de 1 em 16 americanos e quase 7 milhões a mais do que o segundo. coloque a área metropolitana de Los Angeles, nos Estados Unidos. ^[13] O MSA é subdividido em quatro divisões metropolitanas. O MSA de 23 condados inclui 10 condados no estado de Nova York (coextensivo com os cinco distritos de Nova York, os dois condados restantes de Long Island, e três condados no Vale do Baixo Hudson ); 12 condados no norte e centro de Nova Jersey ; e um condado no nordeste da Pensilvânia . A maior área urbanizada dos Estados Unidos está no coração da área metropolitana, a Área Urbanizada New York – Newark, NY – NJ – CT (estimada em uma área de 6.720 milhas quadradas).

Os condados e agrupamentos de condados que constituem a área metropolitana de Nova York estão listados abaixo, com os números do censo de 2010:

Nova York – Newark – Jersey City, NY – NJ – PA Área Metropolitana de Estatística (19.043.386)

Nova York – Jersey City – White Plains, NY – NJ Divisão Metropolitana (11.732.233)
- Kings County, NY (o bairro de Brooklyn em NYC)
- Queens County, NY (o bairro de Queens em NYC)
- Condado de Nova York, NY (o bairro de Manhattan em Nova York)
- Bronx County, NY (o bairro do Bronx em NYC)
- Richmond County, NY (o bairro de Staten Island em NYC)
- Condado de Westchester, NY
- Condado de Bergen, NJ
- Condado de Hudson, NJ
- Condado de Passaic, NJ
- Condado de Putnam, NY
- Condado de Rockland, NY

Condado de Nassau – Condado de Suffolk, Divisão Metropolitana de NY (2.832.882)
- Condado de Suffolk, NY
- Condado de Nassau, NY
New Brunswick-Lakewood, NJ Metropolitan Division (2.383.854)
- Condado de Middlesex, NJ
- Condado de Monmouth, NJ
- Ocean County, NJ
- Condado de Somerset, NJ
Newark , Divisão Metropolitana de NJ – PA (2.174.944)
- Condado de Essex, NJ
- Union County, NJ
- Condado de Morris, NJ
- Condado de Sussex, NJ
- Condado de Hunterdon, NJ
- Pike County, PA

Área estatística combinada [ editar ]

As áreas estatísticas combinadas (CSAs) agrupam áreas estatísticas básicas adjacentes com um alto grau de interconexão econômica. ^[29] A Área Estatística Combinada New York – Newark, NY – NJ – CT – PA tinha uma população estimada de 23,7 milhões em 2014. ^[18] Cerca de um em cada quinze americanos reside nesta região, que inclui oito condados adicionais em Nova York, Nova Jersey, Connecticut e Pensilvânia. Esta área, menos a porção da Pensilvânia, é frequentemente referida como a área de três estados e menos comumente como a região de três estados . A área de mercado designada para televisão da cidade de Nova York (DMA) inclui o condado de Pike, na Pensilvânia ,^[30] que também está incluído no CSA.

Além das áreas estatísticas metropolitanas (MSA) de Nova York – Newark – Jersey City, NY – NJ – PA, as seguintes áreas estatísticas de base também estão incluídas no New York – Newark, NY – NJ – CT – PA CSA:

Bridgeport – Stamford – Norwalk – Danbury, CT MSA (916.829)
- Fairfield County
New Haven - Milford, CT MSA (862.477)
- Condado de New Haven, Connecticut
Trenton - Princeton, NJ MSA (396.811)
- Mercer County
Torrington, área estatística micropolitana de CT (189.927)
- Litchfield County
Kingston, NY MSA (182.693)
- Condado de Ulster
East Stroudsburg, PA MSA (169.842)
- Condado de Monroe, Pensilvânia
Poughkeepsie – Newburgh – Middletown, NY MSA (670.301)
- Dutchess County
- Orange County, NY

Geografia [ editar ]

Monumento de High Point visto do Lago Marcia em High Point, Condado de Sussex , a elevação mais alta de Nova Jersey a 550 m acima do nível do mar. ^[31]

A área é freqüentemente dividida nas seguintes sub-regiões: ^[32]^[33]

Nova York (centro da região, compreendendo cinco distritos , um dos quais é Manhattan , o núcleo geográfico, cultural e econômico de toda a área metropolitana)
Long Island central e oriental ( condados de Nassau e Suffolk - separados por água do resto da região, exceto Nova York; não incluindo o condado de Queens ou o condado de Kings ( Brooklyn ), que são simultâneos a dois dos cinco distritos de Nova York)
North Jersey (porção norte de New Jersey)
Jersey Central (parte central de Nova Jersey)
Hudson Valley (subúrbios Lower Hudson Valley de Westchester , Putnam , e Rockland Counties, e Mid-Hudson exurbs de Dutchess, Sullivan, Orange, e Ulster Counties)
Western Connecticut (apenas os condados de Fairfield , New Haven e Litchfield fazem parte da região e são separados pela divisa de estado)
Poconos meridional e oriental ( condados de Monroe e Pike na Pensilvânia)

Todas as oito sub-regiões são frequentemente divididas. Por exemplo, Long Island pode ser dividida em South Shores e North Shores (geralmente quando se fala sobre Nassau County e oeste de Suffolk County) e East End. O Vale do Hudson e Connecticut às vezes são agrupados e chamados de Subúrbios do Norte, em grande parte por causa do uso compartilhado do sistema Metro-North Railroad . ^[34]

Sub-regiões [ editar ]

Cidade de Nova York [ editar ]

Panorama do horizonte de 16 quilômetros de Manhattan ( 120th St. to the Battery ) visto de Weehawken, NJ, do outro lado do Hudson em fevereiro de 2018.

Igreja Riverside
Time Warner Ctr
220 Central Park South
Torre do Central Park
One57
432 Park Ave
53W53
Edifício Chrysler
Torre do Bank of America
Edifício Conde Nast
Edifício The New York Times
edifício Empire State
Manhattan West
a: 55 Hudson Yards , b: 35 Hudson Yards , c: 10 Hudson Yards , d: 15 Hudson Yards
56 Leonard St
8 Spruce St
Edifício Woolworth
70 Pine St
30 Park Pl
40 Wall St
3 World Trade Ctr
4 World Trade Ctr
1 Centro de Comércio Mundial

O centro geográfico, cultural e econômico da área metropolitana é a cidade de Nova York, que consiste em cinco distritos , cada um dos quais é também um condado do estado de Nova York . ^{[ carece de fontes? ]} Os cinco distritos - Brooklyn , Queens , Manhattan , Bronx e Staten Island - foram consolidados em uma única cidade em 1898. ^[35] Com uma população estimada pelo Censo de 8.550.405 em 2015 (8.491.079 em 2014 ^[36]^[37] ), distribuída por uma área de terra de apenas 790 km ² (305 milhas quadradas ), ^[38]Nova York é a grande cidade mais densamente povoada dos Estados Unidos. ^[39] Uma cidade de poder global , ^{[40] a} cidade de Nova York exerce um impacto significativo sobre o comércio, finanças, mídia, arte, moda, pesquisa, tecnologia, educação e entretenimento, seu ritmo acelerado ^[41]^[42] definindo o termo Minuto de Nova York . ^[43] Lar da sede das Nações Unidas , ^[44] Nova York é um importante centro para a diplomacia internacional . ^[45] Nova York é uma cidade global ^[46] e foi descrita como uma cidade cultural, ^[47]^[48] financeiro , ^[5]^[6] e capital da mídia ^[8]^[9] do mundo, bem como a cidade economicamente mais poderosa do mundo. ^[11]^[6]^[49]^[7]

Long Island [ editar ]

A vila de Garden City em Nassau County , de Long Island cidade de Hempstead , que com mais de 770.000 pessoas é individual da área metropolitana de Nova Iorque mais populoso município fora New York City. ^[50]

Westhampton , Condado de Suffolk, Nova York , no East End de Long Island

Long Island é uma ilha localizada ao largo da costa nordeste dos Estados Unidos e uma região totalmente dentro do estado de Nova York e da área metropolitana de Nova York. Estendendo-se de leste a nordeste do porto de Nova York até o Oceano Atlântico , a ilha compreende quatro condados: Kings e Queens (estes formam os bairros de Brooklyn e Queens , respectivamente) a oeste; então Nassau e Suffolkpara o leste. No entanto, a maioria das pessoas na área metropolitana de Nova York (mesmo aquelas que vivem no Queens e no Brooklyn) usam coloquialmente o termo "Long Island" (ou "A Ilha") exclusivamente para se referir à área do condado de Nassau-Suffolk coletivamente, que é principalmente suburbana. em personagem. ^{[51] Ao} norte da ilha fica Long Island Sound , atravessando os estados americanos de Connecticut e Rhode Island .

Com uma população estimada pelo Censo de 7.838.722 em 2015, constituindo quase 40% da população do estado de Nova York, ^[52]^[53]^[54]^[55]^[56] a maioria dos residentes da cidade de Nova York, 58% em 2015, agora moram em Long Island, ou seja, os estimados 4.896.398 residentes que moram nos bairros de Brooklyn e Queens em Nova York . ^[57] Long Island é a ilha mais populosa de qualquer estado ou território dos EUA e a 17ª ilha mais populosa do mundo (à frente da Irlanda , Jamaica e Hokkaido ). Sua densidade populacionalé 5.571 habitantes por milha quadrada (2.151 / km ² ). Se Long Island geograficamente constituísse uma área estatística metropolitana independente, seria a quarta mais populosa dos Estados Unidos; enquanto, se fosse um estado dos EUA, Long Island ocuparia o 13º lugar em população e o primeiro em densidade populacional . Queens é a área urbana com maior diversidade étnica do mundo. ^[58]^[59] A cidade de Hempstead no condado de Nassau, com uma população estimada de 770.367 em 2016, é o município mais populoso da área metropolitana de Nova York fora da cidade de Nova York. ^[50]

Long Island é a ilha mais populosa dos Estados Unidos e a 17ª ilha mais populosa do mundo , mas é mais conhecida por recreação, passeios de barco e quilômetros de praias públicas, incluindo vários parques municipais, municipais e estaduais, bem como Fire Island National Seashore e ricos e caros enclaves residenciais costeiros. Ao longo da costa norte, a Gold Coast de Long Island , apresentada no filme The Great Gatsby , é uma seção sofisticada dos condados de Nassau e oeste de Suffolk que já exibiu muitas mansões luxuosas construídas e habitadas por ricos magnatas dos negócios nos primeiros anos do século 20 século, dos quais apenas alguns permanecem preservados como sítios históricos. O East Endde Long Island (conhecida como "Twin Forks" por causa de sua forma física) possui espaços abertos para fazendas e vinícolas . O South Fork, em particular, compreende várias cidades e vilas conhecidas coletivamente como " The Hamptons " e tem uma reputação internacional como um "playground para os ricos e famosos", com algumas das comunidades mais ricas dos Estados Unidos. Em 2015, de acordo com o Business Insider , o código postal 11962 que abrange Sagaponack , em Southampton , foi listado como o mais caro dos EUA pelo site de anúncios de imóveis Property Shark, com um preço médio de venda de uma casa de US $ 5.125.000. ^[60]Durante a temporada de verão, muitas celebridades e os ricos visitam ou residem em mansões e casas à beira-mar, enquanto outros passam os fins de semana aproveitando as praias, jardins, bares, restaurantes e casas noturnas.

Long Island é servida por uma rede de vias públicas e vias expressas , sendo a Long Island Expressway , a Northern State Parkway e a Southern State Parkway as principais rotas leste-oeste em partes significativas da ilha. O acesso ferroviário de passageiros é fornecido pela Long Island Rail Road da Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) , uma das maiores ferrovias urbanas dos Estados Unidos. As necessidades de viagens aéreas são atendidas por vários aeroportos. No Queens, a ilha abriga o Aeroporto Internacional John F. Kennedy e o Aeroporto LaGuardia, dois dos três principais centros de companhias aéreas que atendem à área de Nova York (com o Aeroporto Internacional Newark Liberty sendo o terceiro; todos os três aeroportos principais são operados pela Autoridade Portuária de Nova York e Nova Jersey). O Aeroporto Long Island MacArthur (servindo companhias aéreas comerciais) e o Aeroporto Farmingdale / Republic (voos particulares e de passageiros) estão ambos localizados no condado de Suffolk.

Lower Hudson Valley [ editar ]

Conhecido por seu terreno montanhoso , cenários pitorescos e pequenas cidades e vilas pitorescas , o Lower Hudson Valley está centralizado ao redor do rio Hudson ao norte da cidade de Nova York e fica dentro do estado de Nova York. Os condados de Westchester e Putnam estão localizados no lado leste do rio, e os condados de Rockland e Orange estão localizados no lado oeste do rio. Os condados de Westchester e Rockland são conectados pela ponte New Tappan Zee , de tráfego intenso , e também pela Bear Mountain Bridge, perto de suas extremidades ao norte. Diversos ramais da MTA Metro-Ferrovia Norteservir os passageiros ferroviários da região. O Condado de South Westchester contém áreas mais densamente povoadas e inclui as cidades de Yonkers, Mount Vernon, New Rochelle e White Plains. Embora muitas das comunidades suburbanas de Westchester sejam conhecidas por sua riqueza e despesas (alguns exemplos: Bronxville, Scarsdale, Chappaqua, Armonk, Katonah e Briarcliff Manor), o Vale do Baixo Hudson como um todo é uma das áreas de crescimento mais rápido em a área metropolitana por causa dos altos custos de moradia em Nova York e nos subúrbios do interior.

Historicamente, o vale foi o lar de muitas fábricas, incluindo fábricas de papel, mas um número significativo fechou. Após anos de poluição persistente, os esforços de limpeza para melhorar a qualidade da água do Rio Hudson estão atualmente planejados e serão supervisionados pela Agência de Proteção Ambiental dos Estados Unidos (EPA). ^[61]

Mid-Hudson Valley [ editar ]

A região de Mid-Hudson Valley no estado de Nova York está a meio caminho entre a cidade de Nova York e a capital do estado de Albany . A área inclui os condados de Dutchess , Ulster e Sullivan , bem como as partes do norte de Orange County , com as principais cidades da região sendo Poughkeepsie , Newburgh , Kingston e Beacon . The Walkway over the Hudson , é a segunda maior passarela de pedestres do mundo. Ele cruza o rio Hudson conectando Poughkeepsie e Highland. A Dutchess Rail Trail com 21 quilômetros de extensão se estende de Hopewell Junction até o início da Walkway sobre o Hudson em Poughkeepsie. A área abriga o Wappingers Central School District , que é o segundo maior distrito escolar do estado de Nova York . O Newburgh Waterfront na cidade de Newburgh é o lar de muitos restaurantes sofisticados.

US Route 9 , I-84 e a Taconic State Parkway passam por Dutchess County. A estação de trem Metro-North Railroad , New Hamburg , está localizada na cidade de Poughkeepsie e vai de Poughkeepsie ao Grand Central Terminal na cidade de Nova York .

Northern New Jersey [ editar ]

As grandes quedas do rio Passaic em Paterson , no condado de Passaic, Nova Jersey , inauguradas como Parque Histórico Nacional em novembro de 2011, incorpora uma das maiores cachoeiras do leste dos Estados Unidos. ^[62]

Northern New Jersey, também conhecido coloquialmente como North Jersey , é normalmente definido como compreendendo os seguintes condados:

Bergen County
Essex County
Condado de Somerset (qualquer coisa ao norte de Bridgewater Township )
Hudson County
Hunterdon County (qualquer coisa ao norte de Readington Township )
Morris County
Passaic County
Sussex County
Union County (qualquer coisa ao norte de Westfield )
Warren County

O Departamento de Turismo do Estado de Nova Jersey divide North Jersey na região urbana de Gateway e na região mais rural de Skylands . O norte de Nova Jersey abriga quatro das maiores cidades desse estado: Newark , Jersey City , Paterson e Elizabeth .

A região é geograficamente diversa, com pântanos , montanhas e vales em toda a área. Possui uma grande rede de vias expressas e serviços ferroviários de transporte público , operados principalmente pela New Jersey Transit . O norte de Nova Jersey também contém o segundo aeroporto mais movimentado da área metropolitana de Nova York, o Aeroporto Internacional Newark Liberty .

No centro de Trenton, no condado de Mercer , incluindo a New Jersey State House com sua cúpula dourada, ao longo do rio Delaware

Downtown New Brunswick , Middlesex County, New Jersey , um distrito educacional e cultural passando por gentrificação

Embora seja uma região suburbana e rural de Nova York , grande parte da região de Gateway é altamente urbanizada. Todo o condado de Hudson, leste do condado de Essex, sul do condado de Passaic e também Elizabeth no condado de Union são áreas densamente povoadas.

Central New Jersey [ editar ]

Jersey central é a porção média do estado de Nova Jersey. Municípios incluindo Trenton (a capital do estado de Nova Jersey e a única capital do estado dos EUA dentro da área metropolitana de Nova York) e Princeton (onde fica a Universidade de Princeton ) estão localizados nesta sub-região, assim como uma parte significativa da costa de Jersey .

Middlesex County
Mercer County
Monmouth County
Ocean County
Union County (qualquer coisa ao sul de Westfield )
Hunterdon County (qualquer coisa ao sul de Readington Township )
Condado de Somerset (qualquer coisa ao sul de Bridgewater Township )

Belmar , Condado de Monmouth , na costa de Jersey

A Mohonk Mountain House , no condado de Ulster , Nova York, no Vale do Hudson, foi designada um marco histórico nacional em 1986. ^[63]

Pão de Açúcar no Condado de Putnam , Nova York, no Vale do Hudson

Um cervo em uma rua suburbana ( Highland Park , Middlesex County , NJ )

Connecticut Ocidental [ editar ]

Área de esqui Mohawk Mountain , Cornwall , Litchfield County, Connecticut , nas montanhas de Berkshire

Os condados de Fairfield, New Haven e Litchfield no oeste de Connecticut (como o estado em geral) são conhecidos pela riqueza. Grandes empresas estão espalhadas por toda a área, principalmente no Condado de Fairfield. O terreno é plano ao longo da costa com colinas baixas que eventualmente dão lugar a colinas maiores, como as Berkshires, mais para o interior, até a fronteira com Massachusetts . A maioria das maiores cidades do estado está localizada no condado de New Haven (onde fica a Universidade de Yale ) e no condado de Fairfield.

Pike County, Pensilvânia [ editar ]

Dingmans Falls na área recreativa nacional de Delaware Water Gap , condado de Pike , nordeste da Pensilvânia

O Condado de Pike está localizado no nordeste da Pensilvânia . De acordo com o Censo de 2010, a população era de 57.369. ^[64] Sua sede de condado é Milford . ^[65] Parte da região das montanhas de Pocono fica dentro do condado de Pike, que está classificado entre os condados de crescimento mais rápido da Pensilvânia. ^[66]

As áreas urbanas da região [ editar ]

Downtown Stamford em Fairfield County, Connecticut

O New Haven Green Historic District em Connecticut foi designado um National Historic Landmark District em 1970. ^[67]

A área estatística combinada é uma região metropolitana com vários núcleos contendo várias áreas urbanas.

Vista aérea de Newark , Condado de Essex , a cidade mais populosa de Nova Jersey

Biblioteca Pública em Yonkers , Condado de Westchester, Nova York

Barnum Museum em Bridgeport , Fairfield County, a cidade mais populosa de Connecticut

Paterson , Passaic County, New Jersey, conhecida como "Silk City", ^[68] vista aqui da reserva Garret Mountain , é um destino privilegiado para um grupo diversificado de imigrantes internacionais . ^[69]^[70]

população Rank	Área urbanizada	Estado (s)	População de 2010
1	Nova York – Newark	NY - NJ - CT	18.351.295
48	Bridgeport – Stamford	CT - NY	923.311
72	New Haven	CT	562.839
89	Poughkeepsie – Newburgh	Nova Iorque	423.566
128	Trenton-Princeton	NJ	296.668
185	Waterbury	CT	194.535
201	Danbury	CT - NY	168.136
429	Twin Rivers-Hightstown	NJ	64.037
453	Middletown	Nova Iorque	58.381
457	Kingston	Nova Iorque	57.442

Principais cidades [ editar ]

A seguir está uma lista das "principais cidades" e suas respectivas estimativas populacionais da publicação 2010 US Census Bureau. As cidades principais são geralmente aquelas onde há um maior número de empregos do que os residentes empregados. ^[71]^[72]^[73]^[74]

Nova York – Norte de Nova Jersey – Long Island MSA
- Cidade de Nova York : 8.175.133
- Hempstead, Nova York : 759.757
- Brookhaven, Nova York : 486.040
- Islip, Nova York : 335.543
- Oyster Bay, Nova York : 293.214
- Newark, New Jersey : 277.140
- Jersey City, Nova Jersey : 247.597
- North Hempstead, Nova York : 226.322
- Babylon, Nova York : 213.603
- Huntington, Nova York : 203.264
- Yonkers, Nova York : 195.976
- Paterson, Nova Jersey : 146.199
- Elizabeth, Nova Jersey : 128.640
- Ramapo, Nova York : 126.595
- Smithtown, Nova York : 117.801
- Edison, Nova Jersey : 99.967
- Woodbridge Township, New Jersey : 99.265
- New Rochelle, New York : 77.062
- Mount Vernon, Nova York : 67.292
- White Plains, Nova York : 56.853
- Passaic, Nova Jersey : 72.500
- Union, New Jersey : 56.642
- Wayne, Nova Jersey : 54.717
Trenton – Princeton MSA
- Trenton, Nova Jersey : 84.913
- Princeton, Nova Jersey : 28.572
Bridgeport – Stamford – Norwalk – Danbury MSA
- Bridgeport, Connecticut : 144.229
- Stamford, Connecticut : 122.643
- Norwalk, Connecticut : 85.603
- Danbury, Connecticut : 80.893
- Stratford, Connecticut : 51.384
New Haven – Milford MSA
- New Haven, Connecticut : 129.779
- Waterbury, Connecticut : 109.272
- Milford, Connecticut : 51.271
Poughkeepsie – Newburgh – Middletown MSA
- Poughkeepsie, Nova York : 32.736
- Newburgh, New York : 28.866
- Middletown, Nova York : 28.086
Kingston MSA
- Kingston, Nova York : 23.893
Área Micropolitana de Torrington
- Torrington, Connecticut : 36.383

Clima [ editar ]

De acordo com a classificação climática de Köppen , Nova York, Long Island ocidental (e partes do leste) e Jersey Shore experimentam um clima subtropical úmido ( Cfa ), ^[75]^[76] e Nova York é, portanto, a grande cidade mais ao norte do Continente norte-americano com este tipo de clima.

Muito do restante da área metropolitana encontra-se na zona de transição de um clima subtropical úmido ( Cfa ) para um clima continental úmido ( Dfa ), ^[75]^[76] e é apenas o interior, áreas mais exurbanas distantes ao norte e oeste, como o condado de Sussex, Nova Jersey, que tem uma média diária de janeiro de -3 ° C (26,6 ° F) ou abaixo e é continental totalmente úmido; o regime Dfb (subtipo de verão quente) só é encontrado no interior em uma altitude mais elevada, ^[75] e recebe maior queda de neve ^{[77] do} que o Dfaregião. Os condados de Carbon, Monroe e Pike, na Pensilvânia, também têm um clima continental totalmente úmido, assim como as áreas mais frias dos condados de Lehigh e Northampton.

A zona de clima oceânico ( Cfb ) existe apenas em North Fork , ilhas em Peconic Bay e Fishers Island . É raro no leste da América do Norte.

Os verões na área são tipicamente quentes e úmidos. As condições noturnas dentro e ao redor dos cinco distritos de Nova York são frequentemente exacerbadas pelo fenômeno da ilha de calor urbana , e as temperaturas excedem 90 ° F (32 ° C) em média de 7 a 8 dias (no estreito de Long Island e nas costas atlânticas imediatas ) , até mais de 27 dias (subúrbios do interior de Nova Jersey) a cada verão e pode exceder 100 ° F (38 ° C). ^{[ carece de fontes? ]} . Normalmente, as temperaturas de quente a quente começam em meados de maio e duram até o início de outubro. Os verões também apresentam trovoadas passageiras que se acumulam no calor do dia e, em seguida, caem chuvas breves mas intensas.

Os invernos são frios com uma mistura de chuva e neve. Embora os ventos predominantes no inverno sejam offshore e moderem os efeitos moderadores do Oceano Atlântico, o Atlântico e a proteção parcial dos Apalaches contra o ar mais frio mantêm a área de Nova York mais quente no inverno do que as áreas metropolitanas da América do Norte localizadas em áreas semelhantes ou inferiores latitudes incluindo Pittsburgh , Cincinnati e Indianápolis . Períodos quentes com 50 ° F (10 ° C) + temperaturas podem ocorrer ocasionalmente durante o inverno também. ^[78] A zona de robustezna área metropolitana de Nova York varia em uma ampla faixa de 5a nas áreas mais altas dos condados de Dutchess, Monroe e Ulster a 7b na maior parte de Nova York, bem como no Condado de Hudson de Bayonne até o lado leste de Palisades até a Rota 495, o a maioria do condado de Nassau, a costa norte do condado de Monmouth e o porto de Copiague, Lindenhurst e Montauk no condado de Suffolk. [4]

Quase toda a área metropolitana recebe pelo menos 42 polegadas (1.070 mm) de precipitação anualmente, que é relativamente uniformemente distribuída ao longo do ano, e muitas áreas recebem mais de 50 polegadas (1.270 mm). A queda de neve média no inverno de 1981 a 2010 varia de pouco menos de 25 polegadas (64 cm) ao longo da costa de Long Island a mais de 50 polegadas (127 cm) em algumas áreas do interior, mas isso geralmente varia consideravelmente de ano para ano. ^[79] Furacões e tempestades tropicais afetaram a área dos Três Estados no passado, embora um impacto direto seja raro. Várias áreas em Long Island, New Jersey e na costa de Connecticut foram afetadas por fortes tempestades no passado. As áreas do interior foram afetadas por fortes chuvas e inundações causadas por ciclones tropicais. ^[80]

A área metropolitana de Nova York tem uma média de 234 dias com pelo menos um pouco de sol e 59% da luz solar possível anualmente, ^[81] acumulando 2.400 a 2.800 horas de sol por ano. ^[82]

v t e Dados climáticos para Nova York ( Belvedere Castle , Central Park ), normais 1981-2010, ^[a] extremos 1869-presente ^[b]
Mês	Jan	Fev	Mar	Abr	Maio	Junho	Jul	Agosto	Set	Out	Nov	Dez	Ano
Registro de alta ° F (° C)	72 (22)	78 (26)	86 (30)	96 (36)	99 (37)	101 (38)	106 (41)	104 (40)	102 (39)	94 (34)	84 (29)	75 (24)	106 (41)
Média máxima ° F (° C)	59,6 (15,3)	60,7 (15,9)	71,5 (21,9)	83,0 (28,3)	88,0 (31,1)	92,3 (33,5)	95,4 (35,2)	93,7 (34,3)	88,5 (31,4)	78,8 (26,0)	71,3 (21,8)	62,2 (16,8)	97,0 (36,1)
Média alta ° F (° C)	38,3 (3,5)	41,6 (5,3)	49,7 (9,8)	61,2 (16,2)	70,8 (21,6)	79,3 (26,3)	84,1 (28,9)	82,6 (28,1)	75,2 (24,0)	63,8 (17,7)	53,8 (12,1)	43,0 (6,1)	62,0 (16,7)
Média baixa ° F (° C)	26,9 (-2,8)	28,9 (-1,7)	35,2 (1,8)	44,8 (7,1)	54,0 (12,2)	63,6 (17,6)	68,8 (20,4)	67,8 (19,9)	60,8 (16,0)	50,0 (10,0)	41,6 (5,3)	32,0 (0,0)	48,0 (8,9)
Média mínima ° F (° C)	9,2 (-12,7)	12,8 (-10,7)	18,5 (-7,5)	32,3 (0,2)	43,5 (6,4)	52,9 (11,6)	60,3 (15,7)	58,8 (14,9)	48,6 (9,2)	38,0 (3,3)	27,7 (-2,4)	15,6 (-9,1)	7,0 (−13,9)
Grave ° F (° C) baixo	−6 (−21)	−15 (−26)	3 (−16)	12 (-11)	32 (0)	44 (7)	52 (11)	50 (10)	39 (4)	28 (−2)	5 (−15)	−13 (−25)	−15 (−26)
Precipitação média em polegadas (mm)	3,65 (93)	3,09 (78)	4,36 (111)	4,50 (114)	4,19 (106)	4,41 (112)	4,60 (117)	4,44 (113)	4,28 (109)	4,40 (112)	4,02 (102)	4,00 (102)	49,94 (1.268)
Queda de neve média em polegadas (cm)	7,0 (18)	9,2 (23)	3,9 (9,9)	0,6 (1,5)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0,3 (0,76)	4,8 (12)	25,8 (66)
Média de dias de precipitação (≥ 0,01 pol.)	10,4	9,2	10,9	11,5	11,1	11,2	10,4	9,5	8,7	8,9	9,6	10,6	122,0
Média de dias de neve (≥ 0,1 pol.)	4,0	2,8	1.8	0,3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0,2	2,3	11,4
Média de humidade relativa (%)	61,5	60,2	58,5	55,3	62,7	65,2	64,2	66,0	67,8	65,6	64,6	64,1	63,0
Ponto de orvalho médio ° F (° C)	18,0 (-7,8)	19,0 (-7,2)	25,9 (-3,4)	34,0 (1,1)	47,3 (8,5)	57,4 (14,1)	61,9 (16,6)	62,1 (16,7)	55,6 (13,1)	44,1 (6,7)	34,0 (1,1)	24,6 (-4,1)	40,3 (4,6)
Média de horas de sol mensais	162,7	163,1	212,5	225,6	256,6	257,3	268,2	268,2	219,3	211,2	151,0	139,0	2.534,7
Porcentagem possível luz do sol	54	55	57	57	57	57	59	63	59	61	51	48	57
Índice ultravioleta médio	2	3	4	6	7	8	8	8	6	4	2	1	5
Fonte 1: NOAA (umidade relativa e sol 1961–1990; ponto de orvalho 1965–1984) ^[84]^[85]^[86]^[87]
Fonte 2: Atlas meteorológico ^[88] Consulte Clima da cidade de Nova York para obter informações adicionais sobre o clima dos bairros externos.

Dados climáticos para Nova York
Mês	Jan	Fev	Mar	Abr	Maio	Junho	Jul	Agosto	Set	Out	Nov	Dez	Ano
Temperatura média do mar ° F (° C)	41,7 (5,4)	39,7 (4,3)	40,2 (4,5)	45,1 (7,3)	52,5 (11,4)	64,5 (18,1)	72,1 (22,3)	74,1 (23,4)	70,1 (21,2)	63,0 (17,3)	54,3 (12,4)	47,2 (8,4)	55,4 (13,0)
Fonte: Weather Atlas ^[88]

Dados climáticos para Newark, New Jersey ( Newark Liberty Int'l )
Mês	Jan	Fev	Mar	Abr	Maio	Junho	Jul	Agosto	Set	Out	Nov	Dez	Ano
Registro de alta ° F (° C)	74 (23)	76 (24)	89 (32)	97 (36)	99 (37)	102 (39)	108 (42)	105 (41)	105 (41)	93 (34)	85 (29)	76 (24)	108 (42)
Média alta ° F (° C)	38,8 (3,8)	42,3 (5,7)	50,7 (10,4)	62,0 (16,7)	72,1 (22,3)	81,5 (27,5)	86,0 (30,0)	84,0 (28,9)	76,7 (24,8)	65,3 (18,5)	54,6 (12,6)	43,5 (6,4)	63,1 (17,3)
Média baixa ° F (° C)	24,5 (-4,2)	26,9 (-2,8)	33,6 (0,9)	43,7 (6,5)	53,3 (11,8)	63,3 (17,4)	68,7 (20,4)	67,5 (19,7)	59,7 (15,4)	48,0 (8,9)	39,0 (3,9)	29,6 (-1,3)	46,5 (8,1)
Grave ° F (° C) baixo	−8 (−22)	−14 (−26)	6 (-14)	16 (−9)	33 (1)	41 (5)	51 (11)	45 (7)	35 (2)	25 (−4)	12 (-11)	−8 (−22)	−14 (−26)
Precipitação média em polegadas (mm)	3,53 (90)	2,88 (73)	4,18 (106)	4,20 (107)	4,09 (104)	4,02 (102)	4,76 (121)	3,70 (94)	3,82 (97)	3,60 (91)	3,65 (93)	3,80 (97)	46,24 (1.174)
Queda de neve média em polegadas (cm)	8,9 (23)	9,5 (24)	4,4 (11)	.9 (2,3)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	.4 (1,0)	5,4 (14)	29,5 (75,3)
Média de dias de precipitação (≥ 0,01 polegada)	10,4	9,8	11,0	11,5	11,3	11,0	10,1	9,7	8,6	8,7	9,5	10,6	122,1
Média de dias de neve (≥ 0,1 polegada)	5.0	3,7	2,4	.4	0	0	0	0	0	0	.4	2,9	14,7
Fonte: NOAA (1981-2010 normais) ^{[ carece de fontes? ]}

Dados climáticos para White Plains, Nova York ( aeroporto de Westchester Co. )
Mês	Jan	Fev	Mar	Abr	Maio	Junho	Jul	Agosto	Set	Out	Nov	Dez	Ano
Média alta ° F (° C)	35,4 (1,9)	38,8 (3,8)	46,8 (8,2)	58,0 (14,4)	68,0 (20,0)	77,0 (25,0)	81,6 (27,6)	79,9 (26,6)	72,5 (22,5)	61,5 (16,4)	51,4 (10,8)	40,4 (4,7)	59,4 (15,2)
Média baixa ° F (° C)	21,1 (-6,1)	22,9 (-5,1)	29,3 (-1,5)	39,3 (4,1)	48,6 (9,2)	58,9 (14,9)	63,9 (17,7)	62,9 (17,2)	55,1 (12,8)	43,7 (6,5)	36,0 (2,2)	26,8 (-2,9)	42,5 (5,8)
Precipitação média em polegadas (mm)	3,78 (96)	2,99 (76)	4,52 (115)	4,40 (112)	4,12 (105)	4,25 (108)	3,71 (94)	4,16 (106)	4,72 (120)	4,41 (112)	3,97 (101)	4,32 (110)	49,35 (1.255)
Queda de neve média em polegadas (cm)	8,9 (23)	8,8 (22)	5,4 (14)	1,0 (2,5)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	.3 (0,76)	5,5 (14)	29,9 (76,26)
Média de dias de precipitação (≥ 0,01 polegada)	9,3	8,5	10,3	10,3	10,9	9,9	9,0	9,5	8,7	9,0	9,9	10,4	115,7
Média de dias de neve (≥ 0,1 polegada)	3,6	2,7	2.0	.3	0	0	0	0	0	0	.3	2,3	11,2
Fonte: NOAA (1981-2010 normais) ^{[ carece de fontes? ]}

Dados climáticos para West Point, Nova York
Mês	Jan	Fev	Mar	Abr	Maio	Junho	Jul	Agosto	Set	Out	Nov	Dez	Ano
Registro de alta ° F (° C)	71 (22)	72 (22)	86 (30)	96 (36)	97 (36)	102 (39)	106 (41)	105 (41)	105 (41)	92 (33)	82 (28)	72 (22)	106 (41)
Média alta ° F (° C)	34,8 (1,6)	38,6 (3,7)	47,7 (8,7)	60,6 (15,9)	71,3 (21,8)	79,8 (26,6)	84,5 (29,2)	82,5 (28,1)	74,8 (23,8)	62,5 (16,9)	51,3 (10,7)	39,6 (4,2)	60,7 (15,9)
Média baixa ° F (° C)	20,1 (-6,6)	22,4 (−5,3)	29,4 (-1,4)	40,1 (4,5)	49,8 (9,9)	59,1 (15,1)	63,7 (17,6)	63,0 (17,2)	55,2 (12,9)	44,5 (6,9)	35,8 (2,1)	26,2 (-3,2)	42,4 (5,8)
Grave ° F (° C) baixo	−15 (−26)	−17 (−27)	−2 (−19)	12 (-11)	25 (−4)	39 (4)	40 (4)	35 (2)	28 (−2)	20 (−7)	5 (−15)	−16 (−27)	−17 (−27)
Precipitação média em polegadas (mm)	3,73 (95)	2,97 (75)	3,93 (100)	4,00 (102)	4,15 (105)	4,59 (117)	4,59 (117)	4,54 (115)	4,47 (114)	4,99 (127)	4,33 (110)	4,27 (108)	50,55 (1.284)
Queda de neve média em polegadas (cm)	12,2 (31)	11,2 (28)	5,6 (14)	.2 (0,51)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	.6 (1,5)	5,5 (14)	35,3 (89,01)
Média de dias de precipitação (≥ 0,01 polegada)	9,8	7,8	9,2	10,6	11,4	11,3	10,2	9,3	8,2	8,8	9,4	10,0	115,9
Média de dias de neve (≥ 0,1 polegada)	5,1	3,1	1,6	.1	0	0	0	0	0	0	.3	1,7	11,9
Fonte: NOAA (1981-2010 normais) ^{[ carece de fontes? ]}

Dados climáticos para Bridgehampton, Nova York
Mês	Jan	Fev	Mar	Abr	Maio	Junho	Jul	Agosto	Set	Out	Nov	Dez	Ano
Registro de alta ° F (° C)	67 (19)	63 (17)	79 (26)	92 (33)	93 (34)	95 (35)	102 (39)	100 (38)	94 (34)	88 (31)	75 (24)	70 (21)	102 (39)
Média alta ° F (° C)	38,9 (3,8)	40,5 (4,7)	47,0 (8,3)	56,3 (13,5)	66,1 (18,9)	75,2 (24,0)	81,0 (27,2)	80,2 (26,8)	73,5 (23,1)	63,2 (17,3)	53,7 (12,1)	43,8 (6,6)	60,0 (15,6)
Média baixa ° F (° C)	23,8 (−4,6)	25,5 (-3,6)	31,0 (-0,6)	39,6 (4,2)	48,2 (9,0)	58,3 (14,6)	64,0 (17,8)	63,2 (17,3)	56,0 (13,3)	45,1 (7,3)	37,5 (3,1)	28,6 (-1,9)	43,4 (6,3)
Grave ° F (° C) baixo	−11 (−24)	−12 (−24)	6 (-14)	14 (−10)	29 (-2)	36 (2)	46 (8)	41 (5)	35 (2)	22 (−6)	10 (−12)	−6 (−21)	−12 (−24)
Precipitação média em polegadas (mm)	4,00 (102)	3,72 (94)	5,07 (129)	4,52 (115)	3,78 (96)	4,12 (105)	3,45 (88)	3,92 (100)	4,60 (117)	4,20 (107)	4,37 (111)	4,38 (111)	50,13 (1.275)
Queda de neve média em polegadas (cm)	7,8 (20)	8,4 (21)	5,0 (13)	.9 (2,3)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	.7 (1,8)	3,9 (9,9)	26,7 (68)
Média de dias de precipitação (≥ 0,01 polegada)	9,9	8,9	10,2	10,5	10,7	8,8	7,9	7,7	8,1	8,4	9,5	10,0	110,6
Média de dias de neve (≥ 0,1 polegada)	3,2	3,0	1,9	.3	0	0	0	0	0	0	.2	1,7	10,3
Fonte: NOAA (1981-2010 normais) ^{[ carece de fontes? ]}

Dados climáticos para Bridgeport, Connecticut ( Aeroporto de Sikorsky )
Mês	Jan	Fev	Mar	Abr	Maio	Junho	Jul	Agosto	Set	Out	Nov	Dez	Ano
Registro de alta ° F (° C)	68 (20)	67 (19)	84 (29)	91 (33)	97 (36)	97 (36)	103 (39)	100 (38)	99 (37)	89 (32)	78 (26)	76 (24)	103 (39)
Média alta ° F (° C)	37,1 (2,8)	39,7 (4,3)	47,2 (8,4)	57,6 (14,2)	67,6 (19,8)	77,0 (25,0)	82,1 (27,8)	80,8 (27,1)	74,0 (23,3)	63,2 (17,3)	53,1 (11,7)	42,3 (5,7)	60,1 (15,6)
Média baixa ° F (° C)	23,1 (−4,9)	25,2 (-3,8)	31,4 (−0,3)	41,0 (5,0)	50,5 (10,3)	60,2 (15,7)	66,3 (19,1)	65,6 (18,7)	58,0 (14,4)	46,4 (8,0)	37,9 (3,3)	28,4 (-2,0)	44,5 (6,9)
Grave ° F (° C) baixo	−7 (−22)	−5 (−21)	4 (−16)	18 (−8)	31 (-1)	41 (5)	49 (9)	44 (7)	36 (2)	26 (−3)	16 (−9)	−4 (−20)	−7 (−22)
Precipitação média em polegadas (mm)	3,10 (79)	2,79 (71)	4,04 (103)	4,13 (105)	3,80 (97)	3,64 (92)	3,46 (88)	3,96 (101)	3,48 (88)	3,64 (92)	3,39 (86)	3,33 (85)	42,75 (1.086)
Queda de neve média em polegadas (cm)	9,2 (23)	8,2 (21)	5,4 (14)	.9 (2,3)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	.7 (1,8)	5,5 (14)	30,0 (76)
Média de dias de precipitação (≥ 0,01 polegada)	10,9	9,7	11,3	11,0	11,8	11,1	8,9	8,9	8,2	8,8	10,0	11,1	121,7
Média de dias de neve (≥ 0,1 polegada)	5.0	3,6	2,4	.3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0,5	3,1	15.0
Fonte: NOAA (1981-2010 normais) ^{[ carece de fontes? ]}

Dados climáticos para Danbury, Connecticut
Mês	Jan	Fev	Mar	Abr	Maio	Junho	Jul	Agosto	Set	Out	Nov	Dez	Ano
Registro de alta ° F (° C)	71 (22)	77 (25)	92 (33)	95 (35)	97 (36)	105 (41)	106 (41)	104 (40)	100 (38)	91 (33)	82 (28)	80 (27)	106 (41)
Média alta ° F (° C)	35,6 (2,0)	39,6 (4,2)	48,7 (9,3)	61,0 (16,1)	71,9 (22,2)	80,8 (27,1)	84,9 (29,4)	82,5 (28,1)	74,5 (23,6)	62,7 (17,1)	51,3 (10,7)	39,9 (4,4)	61,1 (16,2)
Média baixa ° F (° C)	19,2 (-7,1)	21,8 (-5,7)	28,6 (-1,9)	38,9 (3,8)	48,4 (9,1)	58,5 (14,7)	63,4 (17,4)	61,8 (16,6)	53,4 (11,9)	41,8 (5,4)	33,6 (0,9)	24,6 (-4,1)	41,2 (5,1)
Grave ° F (° C) baixo	−18 (−28)	−16 (−27)	−9 (−23)	14 (−10)	25 (−4)	35 (2)	38 (3)	37 (3)	23 (−5)	16 (−9)	0 (−18)	−11 (−24)	−18 (−28)
Precipitação média em polegadas (mm)	3,76 (96)	3,18 (81)	4,43 (113)	4,36 (111)	4,57 (116)	4,74 (120)	4,99 (127)	4,55 (116)	4,66 (118)	4,89 (124)	4,54 (115)	4,16 (106)	52,83 (1.343)
Queda de neve média em polegadas (cm)	14,9 (38)	13,1 (33)	9,7 (25)	1,6 (4,1)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1,2 (3,0)	9,7 (25)	50,2 (128,1)
Média de dias de precipitação (≥ 0,01 polegada)	11,5	10,0	11,8	11,5	12,2	12,0	10,4	9,4	9,3	9,2	10,0	11,6	128,9
Média de dias de neve (≥ 0,1 polegada)	7,9	5,4	4,2	.9	0	0	0	0	0	.1	1.0	5.0	24,5
Fonte: NOAA (1981-2010 normais) ^{[ carece de fontes? ]}

Dados climáticos para Stroudsburg, Pensilvânia
Mês	Jan	Fev	Mar	Abr	Maio	Junho	Jul	Agosto	Set	Out	Nov	Dez	Ano
Registro de alta ° F (° C)	72 (22)	74 (23)	87 (31)	96 (36)	97 (36)	110 (43)	104 (40)	103 (39)	106 (41)	95 (35)	98 (37)	72 (22)	110 (43)
Média alta ° F (° C)	35 (2)	39 (4)	49 (9)	61 (16)	72 (22)	80 (27)	85 (29)	83 (28)	75 (24)	64 (18)	51 (11)	40 (4)	61 (16)
Média baixa ° F (° C)	16 (−9)	17 (−8)	26 (−3)	36 (2)	46 (8)	55 (13)	59 (15)	58 (14)	50 (10)	38 (3)	30 (-1)	22 (−6)	38 (3)
Grave ° F (° C) baixo	−25 (−32)	−21 (−29)	−14 (−26)	10 (−12)	24 (−4)	32 (0)	36 (2)	32 (0)	20 (−7)	14 (−10)	2 (−17)	−14 (−26)	−25 (−32)
Precipitação média em polegadas (mm)	3,98 (101)	3,01 (76)	3,84 (98)	4,00 (102)	5,01 (127)	4,56 (116)	4,42 (112)	4,28 (109)	4,89 (124)	3,81 (97)	4,26 (108)	3,92 (100)	49,98 (1.270)
Fonte: Weatherbase ^[89]

Dados climáticos para Morristown, New Jersey
Mês	Jan	Fev	Mar	Abr	Maio	Junho	Jul	Agosto	Set	Out	Nov	Dez	Ano
Média alta ° F (° C)	38 (3)	41 (5)	50 (10)	61 (16)	71 (22)	80 (27)	85 (29)	83 (28)	75 (24)	65 (18)	54 (12)	43 (6)	62 (17)
Média baixa ° F (° C)	18 (−8)	19 (−7)	27 (−3)	36 (2)	46 (8)	54 (12)	59 (15)	58 (14)	51 (11)	39 (4)	32 (0)	23 (−5)	39 (4)
Precipitação média em polegadas (mm)	4,50 (114)	3,00 (76)	4,41 (112)	4,64 (118)	5,09 (129)	4,40 (112)	5,29 (134)	4,37 (111)	5,33 (135)	4,17 (106)	4,37 (111)	4,10 (104)	53,67 (1.363)
Fonte: ^[90]

História [ editar ]

Peter Minuit é creditado com a compra da ilha de Manhattan em 1626.

Nova Amsterdã , centrada na eventual Baixa Manhattan , em 1664, ano em que a Inglaterra assumiu o controle e a renomeou como Nova York

Little Italy , Lower East Side , Manhattan, por volta de 1900.

A Sede das Nações Unidas , estabelecida em Midtown Manhattan em 1952

A Liberdade Iluminando o Mundo , conhecida como a Estátua da Liberdade , na Ilha da Liberdade no porto de Nova York , é um símbolo mundialmente reconhecido tanto dos Estados Unidos quanto de ideais como liberdade, democracia e oportunidade. ^[91]

O World Trade Center em Lower Manhattan durante os ataques de 11 de setembro de 2001, que causou quase 3.000 mortes, a maioria residentes da região metropolitana.

One World Trade Center , construído em seu lugar e inaugurado em 2014.

Durante a glaciação de Wisconsin , a região estava situada na borda de uma grande camada de gelo com mais de 300 metros de profundidade. O manto de gelo raspou grandes quantidades de solo, deixando a rocha que serve de base geológica para grande parte da região metropolitana de Nova York hoje. Mais tarde, o manto de gelo ajudaria a separar o que hoje são Long Island e Staten Island.

The Unisphere in Flushing Meadows - Corona Park , icônico do Queens , o condado dos EUA com maior diversidade étnica e um bairro de Nova York. ^[92]^[93]

Na época do contato europeu, a região era habitada por nativos americanos , predominantemente Lenape , ^[94] e outros. Os nativos americanos usavam os abundantes cursos de água na área para muitos fins, como pesca e rotas comerciais. Navegando para a França em 1524, Giovanni da Verrazzano foi o primeiro europeu a entrar nas águas locais e encontrar os residentes, mas não chegou a terra firme. Henry Hudson , navegando para os holandeses em 1609, visitou a área e construiu um assentamento na Ilha de Lower Manhattan que acabou sendo rebatizado de Nova Amsterdã pelos colonos holandeses em 1626. ^[95] Em 1664, a área ficou sob controle inglês,^[95]^[96] e mais tarde foi renomeado para Nova York depois que o rei Carlos II da Inglaterra concedeu as terras a seu irmão, o duque de York . ^[97]^[98]

À medida que o comércio de peles se expandia mais ao norte, Nova York se tornou um centro comercial , que trouxe um conjunto diversificado de grupos étnicos, incluindo africanos , judeus e portugueses . A ilha de Manhattan tinha um porto natural extraordinário formado pela baía de Nova York (na verdade, o afogado vale do rio Hudson, cercado por morenas glaciais ), o East River (na verdade um estreito de maré ) e o rio Hudson , todos os quais fusão na ponta sul, a partir da qual todo o desenvolvimento posterior se espalhou. Durante a Revolução Americana, as hidrovias estratégicas tornaram Nova York de vital importância como base de guerra para a marinha britânica. Muitas batalhas, como a Batalha de Long Island e a Batalha de Nova York, foram travadas na região para protegê-la. Nova York foi capturada pelos britânicos no início da guerra, tornando-se um refúgio para refugiados legalistas de outras partes do país, e permaneceu nas mãos dos britânicos até o fim da guerra em 1783. Nova York serviu como capital dos Estados Unidos de 1785 a 1790, ^[99] após o qual a capital mudou-se para Filadélfia. Nova York tem sido a maior cidade do país desde 1790. ^[100] Em 1792, o Acordo de Buttonwood, feito por um grupo de comerciantes, criou o que hoje é a Bolsa de Valores de Nova York, em Lower Manhattan. Hoje, muitas pessoas na área metropolitana trabalham nesta importante bolsa de valores.

A Estátua da Liberdade no porto de Nova York saudou milhões de imigrantes que vieram para a América de navio no final do século 19 e início do século 20 ^[101] e é um símbolo mundialmente reconhecido dos Estados Unidos e sua democracia . ^[102] A imigração em grande escala para Nova York foi resultado de uma grande demanda por mão de obra. Uma atitude cosmopolita na cidade criou tolerância para várias culturas e grupos étnicos. Imigrantes alemães, irlandeses e italianos estavam entre os maiores grupos étnicos. Hoje, muitos de seus descendentes continuam morando na região. Edifícios culturais, como o Metropolitan Museum of Art , oMetropolitan Opera e o Museu Americano de História Natural foram construídos. Jornais de Nova York eram lidos em todo o país enquanto os magnatas da mídia James Gordon Bennett, Sr. , Joseph Pulitzer e William Randolph Hearst lutavam por leitores. Em 1884, mais de 70% das exportações passavam por portos de Nova York ou de uma das cidades vizinhas. Os cinco distritos de Nova York - Bronx , Brooklyn , Manhattan , Queens e Staten Island - foram consolidados em uma única cidade em 1898. ^[103]^[104]

O saguão principal do Terminal Grand Central , inaugurado em 1913.

A recém-unificada cidade de Nova York encorajou tanto mais conexões físicas entre os bairros quanto o crescimento de comunidades-dormitório . O New York City Subway começou a operar em 1904 como Interborough Rapid Transit Company , um dos três sistemas (os outros dois sendo Brooklyn-Manhattan Transit Corporation e o Independent Subway System ) que mais tarde foram assumidos pela cidade. Estações ferroviárias como o Grand Central Terminal e a Pennsylvania Station ajudaram a fomentar o crescimento dos subúrbios. Durante a era da Lei Seca, when alcohol was banned nationwide, organized crime grew to supply the high demand for bootleg alcohol. The Broadway Theater District developed with the showing of the musical, Show Boat.

The Great Depression suspended the region's fortunes as a period of widespread unemployment and poverty began. City planner Robert Moses began his automobile-centered career of building bridges, parkways, and later expressways. During World War II, the city economy was hurt by blockades of German U-Boats, which limited shipping with Europe.

After its population peaked in 1950, much of the city's population left for the suburbs of New York over the following decades. The effects were a result of white flight. Industry and commerce also declined in this era, with businesses leaving for the suburbs and other cities. The city, particularly Brooklyn, was dealt a psychological as well as an economic blow with the loss of the iconic Brooklyn Dodgers major-league baseball team, which moved to Los Angeles after the 1957 season. Crime affected the city severely. Urban renewal projects alleviated the decay in Midtown Manhattan to a certain extent, but later failed. There was little reported social disruption during the Northeast Blackout of 1965, but the New York City Blackout of 1977 caused massive rioting in some parts of the city. A rare highlight was the completion of the former World Trade Center, which once stood as the tallest buildings in the world.

In the 1980s, the city economy was booming. Wall Street was fueling an economic surge in the real estate market. Despite this, crime was still an issue. Beginning in the 1990s, however, crime dropped substantially. Crime in New York City has continued to decline through the 21st century.

A flooded Avenue C in Manhattan just moments before the explosion at an electrical substation caused by Hurricane Sandy on October 29, 2012.^[105]

A major event in the region's and the nation's history was the September 11th attacks in 2001, which killed nearly 3,000 people as two planes crashed into the former World Trade Center and caused the towers to collapse. Businesses led an exodus from Lower Manhattan because of this but were replaced by an increased number of high-rise residences. In 2003, another blackout occurred, the 2003 North America blackout, but the city suffered no looting and a building boom in New York continues to this day.

On October 29 and 30, 2012, Hurricane Sandy caused extensive destruction in the metropolitan area, ravaging portions of the Atlantic coastline with record-high storm surge, severe flooding, and high winds, causing power outages for millions of residents via downed trees and power lines and malfunctions at electrical substations, leading to gasoline shortages and snarling mass transit systems. Damage to New York and New Jersey in terms of physical infrastructure and private property as well as including interrupted commerce was estimated at several tens of billions of dollars.^[106] The storm and its profound impacts have prompted the discussion of constructing seawalls and other coastal barriers around the shorelines of the metropolitan area to minimize the risk of destructive consequences from another such event in the future.^[107]^[108]

Statistical history[edit]

The U.S. Census Bureau first designated metropolitan areas in 1950 as standard metropolitan areas (SMAs). The "New York–Northeastern NJ SMA" was defined to include 17 counties: 9 in New York (the five boroughs of New York City, Nassau, Suffolk, Westchester, and Rockland) and 8 in New Jersey (Bergen, Hudson, Passaic, Essex, Union, Morris, Somerset, and Middlesex). In 1960, the metropolitan area standards were modified and renamed standard metropolitan statistical areas (SMSAs). The new standards resulted in the splitting of the former SMA into several pieces: the nine New York counties became the "New York SMSA"; three of the New Jersey counties (Essex, Union, and Morris) became the "Newark SMSA"; two other New Jersey counties (Bergen and Passaic) became the "Paterson–Passaic–Clifton SMSA"; Hudson County was designated the "Jersey City SMSA"; and Middlesex and Somerset counties lost their metropolitan status. In 1973, a new set of metropolitan area standards resulted in further changes: Nassau and Suffolk counties were split off as their own SMSA ("Nassau–Suffolk SMSA"); Bergen County (originally part of the Paterson–Clifton–Passaic SMSA) was transferred to the New York SMSA; the New York SMSA also received Putnam County (previously non-metropolitan); Somerset County was added to the Newark SMSA; and two new SMSAs, the "New Brunswick–Perth Amboy–Sayreville SMSA" (Middlesex County) and "Long Branch–Asbury Park SMSA" (Monmouth County), were established. In 1983, the concept of a consolidated metropolitan statistical area (CMSA) was first implemented. A CMSA consisted of several primary metropolitan statistical areas (PMSAs), which were individual employment centers within a wider labor market area. The "New York–Northern New Jersey–Long Island CMSA" consisted of 12 PMSAs.

Seven PMSAs were based on the original 1950 New York SMA that were split up: New York, Bergen–Passaic, Jersey City, Middlesex–Somerset–Hunterdon (Hunterdon added for the first time), Monmouth–Ocean (Ocean added for the first time), Nassau–Suffolk, and Newark (Sussex added for the first time). One additional PMSA was the Orange County PMSA (previously the Newburgh–Middletown SMSA). The other four PMSAs were former SMSAs in Connecticut: Bridgeport, Stamford, Norwalk, and Danbury. In 1993, four PMSAs were added to the New York–Northern New Jersey–Long Island CMSA: Trenton PMSA (Mercer County), Dutchess County PMSA, Waterbury PMSA, and New Haven PMSA. Several new counties were also added to the CMSA: Sussex, Warren, and Pike. The CMSA model was originally utilized for tabulating data from the 2000 census. In 2003, a new set of standards was established using the Core Based Statistical Area (CBSA) model was adopted and remains in use as of 2010. The CBSA model resulted in the splitting up of the old CMSA into several metropolitan statistical areas: New York–Northern New Jersey–Long Island, Poughkeepsie–Newburgh–Middletown, Trenton–Princeton, Bridgeport–Stamford–Norwalk (includes Danbury), and New Haven–Milford (includes Waterbury). In 2013, the Census Bureau added Carbon, Lehigh, Northampton, and Monroe counties in Pennsylvania, and Warren County, New Jersey (encompassing collectively the Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ MSA and the East Stroudsburg, PA MSA), to the Combined Statistical Area,^[109] and assimilated Poughkeepsie–Newburgh–Middletown into the larger New York–Northern New Jersey–Long Island–NY–NJ–PA MSA. In 2018, the Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ MSA was removed from the Combined Statistical Area.^[110]

Proposals for the region[edit]

The metropolitan region has never had separate political representation from the rest of their original states. This has to do with disagreements in the desired model and the constitutional complexity of the metropolitan region being cross-state. Within the State of New York over the last 30 years,^[111] discussions have emerged of splitting the states into different regions with separate governors and legislators whilst remaining part of the same state- as opposed to seeing New York and it's metropolitan area being split into a separate state.^[112]^[113] The idea has been seen by Republicans in the state as an opportunity to dislocate the Democratic party's hold in the state legislature.^[114]^[115]

The discussion surrounding the re-organisation of New York State has commonly been in two models: The two-region model creates a "downstate" New York region which would consist of all five New York City boroughs, Long Island's Nassau and Suffolk counties, and Westchester and Rockland counties, then Upstate would be the remaining 53;^[114]^[112] and the three-region model is New York having five counties; Montauk would consist of Nassau, Suffolk, Rockland, and Westchester counties and; New Amsterdam would be the remaining portion of New York State.^[114]^[113]^[116] This debate was reported as recent as February 2019, when Republican state Senator Daphne Jordan supported the state being split into two states,^[114]^[112] however it was believed that the proposal would require an act of congress for it to be passed.^[117]

Demographics[edit]

Historical populations – New York Metropolitan Area (MSA)
Census	Pop.	%±
1950	12,911,994	—
1960	13,570,926	5.1%
1970	14,787,249	9.0%
1980	14,139,713	−4.4%
1990	16,264,981	15.0%
2000	17,770,162	9.3%
2010	19,567,410	10.1%
2019 (est.)	19,216,182	−1.8%
U.S. Decennial Census 2011 estimate

Spanish Harlem (El Barrio) in Upper Manhattan

Chinatown, Manhattan (紐約華埠). The New York metropolitan area is home to the largest population of overseas Chinese outside of Asia, over three-quarters of a million in 2013.^[118]^[119]

Bergen County (버겐 카운티), New Jersey, is home to all of the nation's top ten municipalities by percentage of Korean population, led by Palisades Park (벼랑 공원) (above), a borough where Koreans comprise the majority (52%) of the population.^[120]^[121]

India Square, Jersey City, New Jersey, known as Little Bombay,^[122] home to the highest concentration of Asian Indians in the Western Hemisphere.^[123]

2010 Census[edit]

Racial composition	2010
White	73.4%
—Non-Hispanic White	51.7%
—Hispanic or Latino (of any race)	21.7%
Black or African-American	15.3%
Asian	9%
Native American or Alaskan Native	0.2%
Other	0.5%
Two or more races	1.6%

As of the 2010 Census, the metropolitan area had a population of 22,085,649. The population density was 1,865 per square mile. The racial markup was 51.7% White (non-Latino), 21.7% Latino, 15.3% African-American, 9.0% Asian-American, 0.16% Native American and Alaskan Native, 0.03% Pacific Islands American, 0.5% Other, and 1.6% Multiracial.^[124]

The median age was 37.9. 25.5% were under 18, 9.5% were 18 to 24 years, 28% were 25 to 44 years of age, 26.6% were 45 to 64 years old, and 13.2% were over the age of 65. Males composed 48.3% of the population while females were 51.7% of the population.^{[citation needed]}

97.7% of the population were in households, 2.3% were in group quarters, and 1% were institutionalized. There were 8,103,731 households, of which 30.2% or 2,449,343 had children. 46.1% or 3,736,165 were composed of opposite sex and married couples. Male households with no wife composed 4.9% or 400,534. 15.0% or 1,212,436 were female households with no husbands. 34% or 2,754,596 were non-family households. The household density was 684 per square mile. 91.9% of housing units were occupied with a 3.8% vacancy rate. The average household size was 2.65 per household. The average income for non-family households was $90,335, and the average income for families was $104,715. 13.3% or 2,888,493 of the population were below the poverty line.^{[citation needed]}

26.7% or 5,911,993 of the population were born outside the United States. Out of this, most (50.6% or 2,992,639) were born in Latin America, 27.0% or 1,595,523 were born in Asia, 17.4% or 1,028,506 were born in Europe, 3.8% or 224,109 were born in Africa, and 0.2% or 11,957 were born in Oceania.^{[citation needed]}

Population estimates[edit]

As of July 1, 2015, the United States Census Bureau estimated the population of the New York metropolitan area at 23,723,696, an increase of 647,032 from 2010.^[18]

The New York metropolitan region is ethnically diverse. Asian Americans in New York City, according to the 2010 Census, number more than one million, greater than the combined totals of San Francisco and Los Angeles.^[125] New York contains the highest total Asian population of any U.S. city proper.^[126] The New York borough of Queens is home to the state's largest Asian American population and the largest Andean (Colombian, Ecuadorian, Peruvian, Chilean and Bolivian) populations in the United States, and is also the most ethnically diverse urban area in the world.^[127]^[128] The Han Chinese population constitutes the fastest-growing ethnicity in New York State; multiple satellites of the original Manhattan Chinatown (紐約華埠), in Brooklyn (布鲁克林華埠), and around Flushing, Queens (法拉盛華埠), are thriving as traditionally urban enclaves, while also expanding rapidly eastward into suburban Nassau County.^[129] on Long Island,^[130] as the New York metropolitan region and New York State have become the top destinations for new Chinese immigrants, respectively, and large-scale Chinese immigration continues into New York City and surrounding areas.^[131]^[132]^[133]^[134]^[135]^[136] In 2012, 6.3% of New York was of Chinese ethnicity, with nearly three-fourths living in either Queens or Brooklyn, geographically on Long Island.^[137] In particular, the New York area has over 100,000 Fuzhounese people.^[138] A community numbering 20,000 Korean-Chinese (Chaoxianzu (Chinese: 朝鲜族) or Joseonjok (Korean: 조선족)) is centered in Flushing, Queens, while New York is also home to the largest Tibetan population outside China, India, and Nepal, also centered in Queens.^[139] Koreans made up 1.2% of the city's population, and Japanese 0.3%. Filipinos were the largest Southeast Asian ethnic group at 0.8%, followed by Vietnamese, who made up 0.2% of New York's population in 2010. Indians are the largest South Asian group, comprising 2.4% of the city's population, with Bangladeshis and Pakistanis at 0.7% and 0.5%, respectively.^[140] Queens is the preferred borough of settlement for Asian Indians, Koreans, and Filipinos,^[141] as well as Malaysians^[22] and other Southeast Asians;^[142] while Brooklyn is receiving large numbers of both West Indian as well as Asian Indian immigrants.

New York has the largest European and non-Hispanic white population of any American city. At 2.7 million in 2012, New York's non-Hispanic white population is larger than the non-Hispanic white populations of Los Angeles (1.1 million), Chicago (865,000), and Houston (550,000) combined.^[143] The European diaspora residing in the city is very diverse. According to 2012 Census estimates, there were roughly 560,000 Italian Americans, 385,000 Irish Americans, 253,000 German Americans, 223,000 Russian Americans, 201,000 Polish Americans, and 137,000 English Americans. Additionally, Greek and French Americans numbered 65,000 each, with those of Hungarian descent estimated at 60,000 people. Ukrainian and Scottish Americans numbered 55,000 and 35,000, respectively. People identifying ancestry from Spain numbered 30,838 total in 2010.^[144] People of Norwegian and Swedish descent both stood at about 20,000 each, while people of Czech, Lithuanian, Portuguese, Scotch-Irish, and Welsh descent all numbered between 12,000–14,000 people.^[145] Arab Americans number over 160,000 in New York City,^[146] with the highest concentration in Brooklyn. Central Asians, primarily Uzbek Americans, are a rapidly growing segment of the city's non-Hispanic white population, enumerating over 30,000, and including over half of all Central Asian immigrants to the United States,^[147] most settling in Queens or Brooklyn. Albanian Americans are most highly concentrated in the Bronx.^[148]

The New York metropolitan area is home to the largest gay and bisexual community in the United States and one of the world's largest.^[149]^[150]

The wider New York metropolitan area is also ethnically diverse.^[151] The New York region continues to be by far the leading metropolitan gateway for legal immigrants admitted into the United States, substantially exceeding the combined totals of Los Angeles and Miami, the next most popular gateway regions.^[152]^[153]^[154]^[155] It is home to the largest Jewish as well as Israeli communities outside Israel, with the Jewish population in the region numbering over 1.5 million in 2012 and including many diverse Jewish sects from around the Middle East and Eastern Europe.^[139] The metropolitan area is also home to 20% of the nation's Indian Americans and at least 20 Little India enclaves, as well as 15% of all Korean Americans and four Koreatowns;^[156]^[157] the largest Asian Indian population in the Western Hemisphere; the largest Russian American,^[131] Italian American, and African American populations; the largest Dominican American, Puerto Rican American, and South American^[131] and second-largest overall Hispanic population in the United States, numbering 4.8 million;^[144] and includes at least 6 established Chinatowns within New York City alone,^[158] with the urban agglomeration comprising a population of 819,527 uniracial overseas Chinese as of 2014 Census estimates,^[159] the largest outside of Asia.^[118]^[119]

Ecuador, Colombia, Guyana, Peru, and Brazil were the top source countries from South America for legal immigrants to the New York region in 2013; the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Haiti, and Trinidad and Tobago in the Caribbean; Egypt, Ghana, and Nigeria from Africa; and El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala in Central America.^[160] Amidst a resurgence of Puerto Rican migration to New York City, this population had increased to approximately 1.3 million in the metropolitan area as of 2013.

The New York metropolitan area is home to a self-identifying gay and bisexual community estimated at 568,903 individuals, the largest in the United States and one of the world's largest.^[149]^[150] Same-sex marriages in New York were legalized on June 24, 2011 and were authorized to take place beginning 30 days thereafter.^[161] The annual New York City Pride March (or gay pride parade) traverses southward down Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, ending at Greenwich Village, and rivals the Sao Paulo Gay Pride Parade as the largest pride parade in the world, attracting tens of thousands of participants and millions of sidewalk spectators each June.^[162]

Religion[edit]

The landmark Neo-Gothic Roman Catholic St. Patrick's Cathedral, Midtown Manhattan.

Brooklyn's rapidly growing Orthodox Jewish (יהודי) community is the largest in the United States, with approximately 600,000 individuals.^[163]

The Islamic Cultural Center of New York (Arabic:المركز الثقافي الإسلامي في نيويورك) in Upper Manhattan.

Sri Maha Vallabha Ganapati Devasthanam (Telugu:శ్రీ మహావల్లభ గణపతి దేవస్థానం) or (Tamil: ஸ்ரீ மகா வல்லப கணபதி தேவஸ்தானம்), in Flushing, Queens, the oldest Hindu temple in the United States.

The Chuang Yen Monastery (莊嚴寺), in Kent, Putnam County, houses the largest indoor statue of Buddha in the Western Hemisphere.^[164]

Atheism, promoted on an electronic billboard in Times Square, is observed by a significant proportion of New Yorkers.

The 2014 Pew Religious Landscape Survey showed that the religious makeup of the New York metro area was as follows:

Religious affiliation in the New York City metro area (2014)^[165]
Affiliation	% of New York population
Christian	59	59
Catholic	33	33
Protestant	23	23
Evangelical Protestant	9	9
Mainline Protestant	8	8
Black church	6	6
Other Christian	3	3
Unaffiliated	24	24
Nothing in particular	15	15
Agnostic	4	4
Atheist	4	4
Jewish	8	8
Hindu	3	3
Muslim	3	3
Buddhist	1	1
Other faiths	1	1
Don't know/refused answer	1	1
Total	100	100

County	2016 Estimate	2010 Census	Change	Area	Density
Bronx County, New York	1,455,720	1,385,108	+5.10%	42.10 sq mi (109.0 km²)	34,578/sq mi (13,351/km²)
Dutchess County, New York	294,473	297,488	−1.01%	795.63 sq mi (2,060.7 km²)	370/sq mi (143/km²)
Kings County, New York	2,629,150	2,504,700	+4.97%	70.82 sq mi (183.4 km²)	37,124/sq mi (14,334/km²)
Nassau County, New York	1,361,500	1,339,532	+1.64%	284.72 sq mi (737.4 km²)	4,782/sq mi (1,846/km²)
New York County, New York	1,643,734	1,585,873	+3.65%	22.83 sq mi (59.1 km²)	71,999/sq mi (27,799/km²)
Orange County, New York	379,210	372,813	+1.72%	811.69 sq mi (2,102.3 km²)	467/sq mi (180/km²)
Putnam County, New York	98,900	99,710	−0.81%	230.31 sq mi (596.5 km²)	429/sq mi (166/km²)
Queens County, New York	2,333,054	2,230,722	+4.59%	108.53 sq mi (281.1 km²)	21,497/sq mi (8,300/km²)
Richmond County, New York	476,015	468,730	+1.55%	58.37 sq mi (151.2 km²)	8,155/sq mi (3,149/km²)
Rockland County, New York	326,780	311,687	+4.84%	173.55 sq mi (449.5 km²)	1,883/sq mi (727/km²)
Suffolk County, New York	1,492,583	1,493,350	−0.05%	912.05 sq mi (2,362.2 km²)	1,637/sq mi (632/km²)
Westchester County, New York	974,542	949,113	+2.68%	430.50 sq mi (1,115.0 km²)	2,264/sq mi (874/km²)
Bergen County, New Jersey	939,151	905,116	+3.76%	233.01 sq mi (603.5 km²)	4,031/sq mi (1,556/km²)
Essex County, New Jersey	796,914	783,969	+1.65%	126.21 sq mi (326.9 km²)	6,212/sq mi (2,398/km²)
Hudson County, New Jersey	677,983	634,266	+6.89%	46.19 sq mi (119.6 km²)	14,678/sq mi (5,667/km²)
Hunterdon County, New Jersey	124,676	128,349	−2.86%	427.82 sq mi (1,108.0 km²)	291/sq mi (113/km²)
Middlesex County, New Jersey	837,073	809,858	+3.36%	308.91 sq mi (800.1 km²)	2,710/sq mi (1,046/km²)
Monmouth County, New Jersey	625,846	630,380	−0.72%	468.79 sq mi (1,214.2 km²)	1,335/sq mi (515/km²)
Morris County, New Jersey	498,423	492,276	+1.25%	460.18 sq mi (1,191.9 km²)	1,083/sq mi (418/km²)
Ocean County, New Jersey	592,497	576,567	+2.76%	628.78 sq mi (1,628.5 km²)	917/sq mi (354/km²)
Passaic County, New Jersey	507,945	501,226	+1.34%	184.59 sq mi (478.1 km²)	2,752/sq mi (1,062/km²)
Somerset County, New Jersey	333,751	323,444	+3.19%	301.81 sq mi (781.7 km²)	1,106/sq mi (427/km²)
Sussex County, New Jersey	142,522	149,265	−4.52%	519.01 sq mi (1,344.2 km²)	275/sq mi (106/km²)
Union County, New Jersey	555,630	536,499	+3.57%	102.85 sq mi (266.4 km²)	5,402/sq mi (2,086/km²)
Pike County, Pennsylvania	55,562	57,369	−3.15%	544.96 sq mi (1,411.4 km²)	102/sq mi (39/km²)
Total	20,153,634	19,567,410	+3.00%	8,294.21 sq mi (21,481.9 km²)	2,430/sq mi (938/km²)

Economy[edit]

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory on the North Shore of Long Island is an internationally renowned biomedical research facility and home to eight scientists awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

The New York City regional economy is the largest in the United States and the second-largest in the world, behind the Greater Tokyo Area. In 2015, the CSA had a GDP of $1.83 trillion, which would rank 8th among countries. Many Fortune 500 corporations are headquartered in New York,^[166] as are a large number of foreign corporations. One out of ten private sector jobs in the city is with a foreign company.^[167] In 2012 and 2015, New York topped the first and second Global Economic Power Index lists, respectively, as published by The Atlantic, with cities ranked according to criteria reflecting their presence on five different lists as published by five separate entities.^[11]^[168] Finance, international trade, new and traditional media, real estate, education, fashion and entertainment, tourism, biotechnology, and manufacturing are the leading industries in the area.

Along with its wealth, the area has a cost of living that is among the highest in the United States.^[169]

The NY Stock Exchange on Wall St. is the world's largest by total market capitalization of listed companies.^[170]^[171]

Wall Street[edit]

New York's most important economic sector lies in its role as the headquarters for the U.S. financial industry, metonymously known as Wall Street. Anchored by Wall Street, in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan, New York has been called both the most economically powerful city and the leading financial center of the world,^[11]^[172]^[173]^[174]^[175] and the city is home to the world's two largest stock exchanges by total market capitalization, the New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ.^[170]^[171] The city's securities industry, enumerating 163,400 jobs in August 2013, continues to form the largest segment of the city's financial sector and an important economic engine, accounting in 2012 for 5 percent of the city's private sector jobs, 8.5 percent (US$3.8 billion) of its tax revenue, and 22 percent of the city's total wages, including an average salary of US$360,700.^[176]

Manhattan had approximately 520 million square feet (48.1 million m²) of office space in 2013,^[177] making it the largest office market in the United States,^[178] while Midtown Manhattan is the largest central business district in the nation.^[179]

Lower Manhattan is the third largest central business district in the United States and is home to both the New York Stock Exchange, on Wall Street, and the NASDAQ, at 165 Broadway, representing the world's largest and second largest stock exchanges, respectively, when measured both by overall average daily trading volume and by total market capitalization of their listed companies in 2013.^[171] Wall Street investment banking fees in 2012 totaled approximately US$40 billion,^[180] while in 2013, senior New York bank officers who manage risk and compliance functions earned as much as US$324,000 annually.^[181]

In July 2013, NYSE Euronext, the operator of the New York Stock Exchange, took over the administration of the London interbank offered rate from the British Bankers Association.^[182]

Many Wall Street firms have added or moved auxiliary financial or technical operations into Jersey City, to take advantage of New Jersey's relatively lower commercial real estate and rental prices, while offering continued geographic proximity to Manhattan's financial industry ecosystem.^[183]

Manhattan's Flatiron District was the cradle of Silicon Alley, now metonymous for the New York metropolitan region's high tech sector, which has since expanded beyond the area.^[184]

Silicon Alley[edit]

Silicon Alley, centered in New York, has evolved into a metonym for the sphere encompassing the metropolitan region's high technology industries^[185] involving the Internet, new media, financial technology (fintech), telecommunications, digital media, software development, biotechnology, game design, and other fields within information technology that are supported by its entrepreneurship ecosystem and venture capital investments. In 2015, Silicon Alley generated over US$7.3 billion in venture capital investment,^[186] most based in Manhattan, as well as in Brooklyn, Queens, and elsewhere in the region. High technology startup companies and employment are growing in New York and across the metropolitan region, bolstered by the city's emergence as a global node of creativity and entrepreneurship,^[186] social tolerance,^[187] and environmental sustainability,^[188]^[189] as well as New York's position as the leading Internet hub and telecommunications center in North America, including its vicinity to several transatlantic fiber optic trunk lines,^[190] the city's intellectual capital, and its extensive outdoor wireless connectivity.^[191] Verizon Communications, headquartered at 140 West Street in Lower Manhattan, was at the final stages in 2014 of completing a US$3 billion fiberoptic telecommunications upgrade throughout New York City.^[192]

Butler Library at Columbia University, described as one of the most beautiful college libraries in the United States.^[193]

The biotechnology sector is also growing in the New York metropolitan region, based upon its strength in academic scientific research and public and commercial financial support. On December 19, 2011, then-New York mayor Michael Bloomberg announced his choice of Cornell University and Technion-Israel Institute of Technology to build Cornell Tech, a US$2 billion graduate school of applied sciences on Roosevelt Island, Manhattan with the goal of transforming New York into the world's premier technology capital.^[194]^[195] By mid-2014, Accelerator, a biotech investment firm, had raised more than US$30 million from investors, including Eli Lilly and Company, Pfizer, and Johnson & Johnson, for initial funding to create biotechnology startups at the Alexandria Center for Life Science, which encompasses more than 700,000 square feet (65,000 m²) on East 29th Street and promotes collaboration among scientists and entrepreneurs at the center and with nearby academic, medical, and research institutions. The New York City Economic Development Corporation's Early Stage Life Sciences Funding Initiative and venture capital partners, including Celgene, General Electric Ventures, and Eli Lilly, committed a minimum of US$100 million to help launch 15 to 20 ventures in life sciences and biotechnology.^[196] Westchester County has also developed a burgeoning biotechnology sector in the 21st century, with over US$1 billion in planned private investment as of 2016,^[197] earning the county the nickname Biochester.^[198]

Low Library, the Neoclassical centerpiece of the Columbia University campus

The bronze clock on Harkness Tower at Yale University, a structure reflecting the Collegiate Gothic architectural genre

Watercolor of Cleveland Tower, Princeton University, seen in the noon autumn sun

Port of New York and New Jersey[edit]

The Port of New York and New Jersey is the port district of the New York metropolitan area, encompassing the region within approximately a 25-mile (40 km) radius of the Statue of Liberty National Monument. A major economic engine for the New York metropolitan area, the port includes the system of navigable waterways in the estuary along 650 miles (1,050 km) of shoreline in the vicinity of New York and the Gateway Region of northeastern New Jersey, as well as the region's airports and supporting rail and roadway distribution networks. In 2010, 4,811 ships entered the harbor carrying over 32.2 million metric tons of cargo valued at over $175 billion.^[199] The port handled $208 billion in shipping cargo in 2011. Approximately 3,200,000 TEUs of containers and 700,000 automobiles are handled per year.^[200] In the first half of 2014, the port handled 1,583,449 containers, a 35,000-container increase above the six-month record set in 2012,^[201] while the port handled a monthly record of 306,805 containers in October 2014.^[202]

Water purity and availability[edit]

Water purity and availability are a lifeline for the New York metropolitan region. New York City is supplied with drinking water by the protected Catskill Mountains watershed.^[203] As a result of the watershed's integrity and undisturbed natural water filtration system, New York is one of only four major cities in the United States the majority of whose drinking water is pure enough not to require purification by water treatment plants.^[204] The Croton Watershed north of the city is undergoing construction of a US$3.2 billion water purification plant to augment New York's water supply by an estimated 290 million gallons daily, representing a greater than 20% addition to the city's current availability of water.^[205] The ongoing expansion of New York City Water Tunnel No. 3, an integral part of the New York City water supply system, is the largest capital construction project in the city's history,^[206] with segments serving Manhattan and The Bronx completed, and with segments serving Brooklyn and Queens planned for construction in 2020.^[207] Much of the fresh water for northern and central New Jersey is provided by reservoirs, but numerous municipal water wells exist which accomplish the same purpose.

Education[edit]

The New York metropolitan area is home to many prestigious institutions of higher education. Three Ivy League universities: Columbia University in Manhattan, New York City; Princeton University in Princeton, New Jersey; Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut – all ranked amongst the top 3 U.S. national universities as per U.S. News & World Report as of 2018^[208] – reside in the region,^[209] as well as New York University and The Rockefeller University, both located in Manhattan; all of the above have been ranked amongst the top 35 universities in the world.^[210] Rutgers University, a global university located 27 mi (43 km) southwest of Manhattan in New Brunswick, New Jersey, is by far the largest university in the region.^[211] New York Institute of Technology is located on two campuses, one in Old Westbury, Long Island and one near Columbus Circle in Manhattan. Hofstra University is Long Island's largest private university.^[212] Fordham University, also a Tier-1 university,^[213] is the oldest Catholic institution of higher education in the northeastern United States,^[214] and the third-oldest university in New York.^[215] The New York City Department of Education is the largest school district in the United States serving over 1.2 million students.^[216] The overall region also hosts many public high schools, some of which have been described as among the most prestigious in the country.^[217]

Attainment[edit]

According to the 2010 American Community Survey, of the 14,973,063 persons in this area over 25 years of age, 14.8% (2,216,578) had a graduate or professional degree, 21.1% (3,166,037) had a bachelor's degree, 6.4% (962,007) had an associate degree, 16.0% (2,393,990) had some college education but no degree, 26.8% (4,009,901) had a high school diploma or equivalent, 14.8% (2,224,557) had less than a high school education.^[218] In 2010, CNN Money ranked the area as one of the top 10 smartest regions in the United States.^[219]

Transportation[edit]

The New York City Subway is the world's largest rapid transit system by length of routes and by number of stations.

The Port Authority Trans-Hudson (PATH) rapid transit rail system connects Manhattan and metropolitan northern New Jersey beneath the Hudson River.

An Acela Express train going to New York. The Acela Express, operated by Amtrak through the Northeast Corridor, is the sole high-speed rail service in the country.

The depth and intricacy of the transportation network in the New York region parallel the size and complexity of the metropolis itself.

In 2013, the New York-Newark-Jersey City metropolitan statistical area (New York MSA) had the lowest percentage of workers who commuted by private automobile (56.9 percent), with 18.9 percent of area workers traveling via rail transit. During the period starting in 2006 and ending in 2013, the New York MSA had a 2.2 percent decline of workers commuting by automobile.^[220]

Rail[edit]

About one in every three users of mass transit in the United States and two-thirds of the nation's rail riders live in the New York metropolitan area.^[221]^[222]

New York City Subway[edit]

The New York City Subway is the largest rapid transit system in the world when measured by stations in operation, with 472, and by length of routes. In 2006 it was the third largest when measured by annual ridership (1.5 billion passenger trips in 2006),^[223] However, in 2013, the subway delivered over 1.71 billion rides,^[224] but slipped to being the seventh busiest rapid transit rail system in the world.^[225] New York's subway is also notable because nearly the entire system remains open 24 hours a day, in contrast to the overnight shutdown common to systems in most cities, including Hong Kong,^[226]^[227] London, Seoul,^[228]^[229] Tokyo, and Toronto.

PATH[edit]

PATH is a rapid transit system connecting the cities of Newark, Harrison, Hoboken, and Jersey City, in metropolitan northern New Jersey, with the lower and midtown sections of Manhattan in New York City. The PATH is operated by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. PATH trains run 24 hours a day and 7 days a week.^[230] The system has a total route length of 13.8 mi (22.2 km), not double-counting route overlaps.^[231]

Commuter rail[edit]

The metropolitan area is also fundamentally defined by the areas from which people commute into New York. The city is served by three primary commuter rail systems plus Amtrak.

The Long Island Rail Road (LIRR), the busiest commuter railroad in the United States as of 2015,^[232] is operated by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA), an agency of the State Government of New York that focuses on New York City-area transit). It has two major terminals at Pennsylvania Station in Midtown Manhattan and Atlantic Terminal in Downtown Brooklyn, with a minor terminal at the Long Island City station and a major transfer point at the Jamaica station in Queens.

New Jersey Transit (NJT), the second busiest commuter railroad in the United States as of 2015,^[232] is operated by the New Jersey Transit Corporation, an agency of the state of New Jersey, in conjunction with Metro-North Railroad and Amtrak. It has major terminals at Pennsylvania Station in Manhattan, Hoboken Terminal, and Newark Pennsylvania Station, with a major transfer point at Secaucus Junction in Hudson County, New Jersey. New Jersey Transit also operates the Hudson–Bergen Light Rail through Hudson County, the Newark City Subway, and the River Line that runs along tracks shared with Conrail Shared Assets Operations from Trenton to Camden in southern New Jersey. NJ Transit also has commuter buses operating in and out of Manhattan.

Metro-North Railroad (MNRR), the third busiest commuter railroad in the United States as of 2015,^[232] is also operated by the MTA, in conjunction with the Connecticut Department of Transportation and New Jersey Transit. Its major terminal is Grand Central Terminal. Trains on the Port Jervis Line and Pascack Valley Line terminate at Hoboken Terminal in Hoboken, New Jersey; commuters may transfer at either Secaucus Junction for New Jersey Transit trains to New York Pennsylvania Station or at Hoboken Terminal for PATH trains into Manhattan.

Amtrak's Northeast Corridor offers service to Philadelphia, New Haven, and other points between and including Boston and Washington, D.C.

Major stations in the metropolitan area include:

Station	Railroad(s)	State	County	Type
New York Pennsylvania Station	Amtrak, LIRR, NJT	NY	New York	Terminal and Transfer
Grand Central Terminal	MNRR	NY	New York	Terminal
Newark Pennsylvania Station	Amtrak, NJT, PATH	NJ	Essex	Transfer
Hoboken Terminal	NJT, MNRR, PATH	NJ	Hudson	Terminal
Atlantic Terminal	LIRR	NY	Kings	Terminal
Hunterspoint Avenue	LIRR	NY	Queens	Terminal
Woodside Station	LIRR	NY	Queens	Transfer
Jamaica Station	LIRR	NY	Queens	Transfer
Secaucus Junction	NJT, MNRR	NJ	Hudson	Transfer
New Haven Union Station	Amtrak, MNRR, Shore Line East	CT	New Haven	Terminal and Transfer
Trenton Station	Amtrak, NJT, SEPTA	NJ	Mercer	Terminal and Transfer

The following table shows all train lines operated by these commuter railroads in the New York metropolitan area. New Jersey Transit operates an additional train line in the Philadelphia metropolitan area. (Shown counterclockwise from the Atlantic Ocean):

Line or Branch	Railroad	Counties
Far Rockaway	LIRR	Kings, Queens, Nassau
Long Beach	LIRR	Nassau
Montauk	LIRR	Suffolk
Babylon	LIRR	Nassau, Suffolk
West Hempstead	LIRR	Kings (weekdays), Queens, Nassau
Hempstead	LIRR	Kings, Queens, Nassau
Ronkonkoma (Main Line)	LIRR	Nassau, Suffolk
Port Jefferson	LIRR	Nassau, Suffolk
Oyster Bay	LIRR	Nassau
Port Washington	LIRR	Queens, Nassau
New Haven	MNRR, Shore Line East, Amtrak	Westchester, Fairfield, New Haven
Harlem	MNRR	New York, Bronx, Westchester, Putnam, Dutchess
Hudson	MNRR, Amtrak	Bronx, Westchester, Putnam, Dutchess
Pascack Valley	MNRR, NJT	Hudson, Bergen, Rockland
Port Jervis / Main Line / Bergen County	MNRR, NJT	Hudson, Bergen, Passaic, Rockland, Orange
Montclair–Boonton	NJT	New York, Hudson, Essex, Passaic, Morris, Warren
Morris & Essex (Morristown Line and Gladstone Branch)	NJT	New York, Hudson, Essex, Union, Morris, Somerset, Warren
Raritan Valley	NJT	Hudson, Essex, Union, Middlesex, Somerset, Hunterdon
Northeast Corridor and Princeton Branch	NJT, Amtrak	New York, Hudson, Essex, Union, Middlesex, Mercer
North Jersey Coast	NJT	New York, Hudson, Essex, Union, Middlesex, Monmouth, Ocean

Major highways[edit]

The following highways serve the region:

The George Washington Bridge, connecting Washington Heights in Upper Manhattan across the Hudson River to Fort Lee in Bergen County, New Jersey, is the world's busiest motor vehicle bridge.^[233]^[234] Interstate 95 and U.S. Route 1/9 cross the river via the bridge, while U.S. Route 46, which lies entirely within New Jersey, ends halfway across the bridge at the state border with New York.

The Walkway over the Hudson, the world's longest pedestrian bridge,^[235] connects Ulster and Dutchess counties in New York.

Interstates[edit]

The Long Island Expressway (I-495), viewing eastbound in Corona, Queens

I-78
I-80
I-84
I-87
I-91
I-95
I-195
I-278 – serves as southern beltway around New York City
I-280
I-287 – serves as northern beltway around New York City
I-295
I-478
I-495 − also known as Long Island Expressway or LIE
I-678
I-684
I-878 – unsigned

U.S. Routes[edit]

US 1
US 5
US 6
US 7
US 9
US 22
US 44
US 46
US 130
US 202
US 206
US 209

State Routes[edit]

Route 3
Route 4
Route 8
NY 9A
Route 15
Route 17
Route 18
Route 21
Route 23
Route 24
Route 25
NY 25
Route 27
NY 27
Route 29
Route 31
Route 139
Route 208
NY 440 / Route 440
Route 495
NY 895

Other limited-access roads[edit]

Heavy traffic on the Garden State Parkway in Wall Township, Monmouth County, New Jersey

Some of these roads have a numerical designation assigned to it:

Belt Parkway
Bronx River Parkway
Conn. Turnpike (part of I-95)
FDR Drive
G.S. Parkway
Grand Central Parkway
Harlem River Drive
Henry Hudson Parkway
Hutchinson River Parkway
Jackie Robinson Parkway (formerly: Interboro Parkway)
Merritt Parkway (part of Route 15)
N.J. Turnpike (part of I-95)
New York Thruway (part of I-87)
Northern State Parkway
Palisades Parkway
Saw Mill River Parkway
Southern State Parkway
Sprain Brook Parkway
Taconic State Parkway

Named bridges and tunnels[edit]

The Brooklyn Bridge

The Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge, one of the world's longest suspension bridges,^[236]^[237] connects Brooklyn and Staten Island across The Narrows.

The Great South Bay Bridge, in Suffolk County, connects the mainland of Long Island to barrier islands across the Great South Bay.

Alexander Hamilton Bridge connecting the Trans-Manhattan Expressway in the Washington Heights section of Manhattan and the Cross-Bronx Expressway, as part of Interstate 95
Basilone Bridge (part of I-95 and the New Jersey Turnpike)
Bayonne Bridge (part of NY 440 and NJ 440), underwent a $1 billion project to raise the roadway by 64 feet to 215 feet to allow taller container ships to pass underneath to access seaports in New York City and northern New Jersey.^[238]
Bear Mountain Bridge (part of US 6 and US 202)
Bronx–Whitestone Bridge (part of I-678) – connects the boroughs of Bronx and Queens.
Brooklyn Bridge, iconic of New York and designated a National Historic Landmark by the U.S. National Park Service on January 29, 1964.^[239] Connects Brooklyn and lower Manhattan (at Park Row and City Hall).
Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel (part of I-478), officially renamed the Hugh L. Carey Tunnel, in honor of the former New York State governor – connects Brooklyn and lower Manhattan (financial district).
Delaware Water Gap Toll Bridge (part of I-80 crossing the Delaware River)
Driscoll Bridge (part of the Garden State Parkway), with a total of 15 travel lanes and 6 shoulder lanes, the widest motor vehicle bridge in the world by number of lanes^[240] and one of the world's busiest.
Ed Koch Queensboro Bridge (part of NY 25) – renamed in honor of former New York Mayor Edward I. Koch, also known informally as the "59th Street Bridge". Connects Queens and east side of Manhattan.
George Washington Bridge (part of I-95 and US 1-9/46), the world's busiest motor vehicle bridge^[233]^[234] and one of the world's widest, with 14 lanes.^[240]
Goethals Bridge (part of I-278)
Great South Bay Bridge, Long Island
Heroes Tunnel (formerly the West Rock Tunnel) (part of CT 15)
Holland Tunnel (part of I-78 and NJ 139)
Lincoln Tunnel (part of Route 495)
Manhattan Bridge, connecting Brooklyn to Chinatown, Manhattan, carries 4 tracks of the B, D, N, and Q trains of the New York City Subway, in addition to 7 lanes of traffic.
Mid-Hudson Bridge (part of US 44 and NY 55)
Newark Bay Bridge (part of I-78)
New Hope – Lambertville Toll Bridge (part of US 202 crossing the Delaware River)
Newburgh–Beacon Bridge (part of I-84 and NY 52)
Otisville Tunnel (takes the Metro-North Railroad Port Jervis Line through the Shawangunk Ridge in Orange County, New York)
Outerbridge Crossing (part of NY 440 and NJ 440)
Pearl Harbor Memorial Bridge (part of I-95 and the Connecticut Turnpike)
Poughkeepsie Bridge, also known as Walkway over the Hudson, the world's longest pedestrian bridge,^[235] connecting Ulster and Dutchess counties in New York
Pulaski Skyway (part of US 1–9)
Queens–Midtown Tunnel (part of I-495) – connects Queens and Midtown Manhattan.
Scudder Falls Bridge (part of I-295 crossing the Delaware River)
Sikorsky Memorial Bridge (part of CT 15 Merritt & Wilbur Cross Parkways)
Tappan Zee Bridge (part of I-87, I-287, and the New York State Thruway), the longest bridge in New York State; underwent a $4 billion replacement.^[241]
Thomas Alva Edison Memorial Bridge (part of US 9)
Throgs Neck Bridge (part of I-295) – connects the boroughs of Bronx and Queens (at western end of Long Island Sound).
Trenton–Morrisville Toll Bridge (part of US 1)
Triborough Bridge (part of I-278), officially renamed the Robert F. Kennedy (RFK) Bridge – connects the three boroughs of Manhattan, Bronx and Queens (hence its name).
Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge (part of I-278), the longest suspension bridge in the Americas and one of the longest in the world (formerly the world's longest) – connects the boroughs of Staten Island and Brooklyn.^[236]^[237]
William A. Stickel Memorial Bridge (part of I-280)
Williamsburg Bridge, carries 2 tracks of the J, M, and Z trains of the New York City Subway, in addition to 8 lanes of traffic – connects Williamsburg, Brooklyn, and the Lower East Side or Manhattan.

Commuter bus[edit]

New Jersey Transit, Academy Bus, Coach USA, Spanish Transportation, Trailways of New York, and several other companies operate commuter coaches into the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Manhattan, and many other bus services in New Jersey. Bus services also operate in other nearby counties in the states of New York and Connecticut, but most terminate at a subway terminal or other rail station.

Major airports[edit]

The AirTrain at JFK International Airport in Jamaica, Queens

The three busiest airports in the New York metropolitan area include John F. Kennedy International Airport, Newark Liberty International Airport, and LaGuardia Airport; 130.5 million travelers used these three airports in 2016, and the metropolitan area's airspace is the busiest in the nation.^[26]

Airport	IATA code	ICAO code	County	State
John F. Kennedy International Airport	JFK	KJFK	Queens	New York
Newark Liberty International Airport	EWR	KEWR	Essex/Union	New Jersey
LaGuardia Airport	LGA	KLGA	Queens	New York

The following smaller airports are also in the metro area and provide daily commercial service:

Airport	IATA code	ICAO code	County	State
Long Island MacArthur Airport	ISP	KISP	Suffolk	New York
Stewart International Airport	SWF	KSWF	Orange	New York
Trenton-Mercer Airport	TTN	KTTN	Mercer	New Jersey
Tweed New Haven Regional Airport	HVN	KHVN	New Haven	Connecticut
Westchester County Airport	HPN	KHPN	Westchester	New York

Commuter usage[edit]

According to the 2010 American Community Survey, 54.3% (5,476,169) of commuters used a car or other private vehicle alone, 7.0% (708,788) used a carpool, 27.0% (2,721,372) used public transportation, 5.5% (558,434) walked to work, 2.0% (200,448) used some other means of transportation such as a bicycle to get to work.^[242]

Culture and contemporary life[edit]

The Metropolitan Museum of Art, part of Museum Mile in the Carnegie Hill neighborhood of Manhattan's Upper East Side, is one of the largest museums in the world.^[243]

Citi Field in Flushing, Queens is the home of the New York Mets.

Yankee Stadium in the South Bronx is the home of the New York Yankees.

MetLife Stadium, in East Rutherford, New Jersey, home to the New York Giants and New York Jets, is the most expensive stadium ever built,^[244] at approximately $1.6 billion.^[245]

The New York Knicks, Rangers, and Liberty sports teams play at Madison Square Garden in Midtown Manhattan.

According to Travel + Leisure magazine's October 2011 survey, Times Square in Midtown Manhattan, iconified as the "Crossroads of the World",^[246]^[247]^[248]^[249]^[250] is the world's most visited tourist attraction, bringing in over 39 million visitors annually.^[251]

New York has been described as the cultural capital of the world by the diplomatic consulates of Iceland^[252] and Latvia^[253] and by New York's own Baruch College.^[254] A book containing a series of essays titled New York, culture capital of the world, 1940–1965 has also been published as showcased by the National Library of Australia.^[255] Tom Wolfe has quoted regarding New York's culture that "Culture just seems to be in the air, like part of the weather."^[256]

Although Manhattan remains the epicenter of cultural life in the metropolitan area, the entire region is replete with prominent cultural institutions, with artistic performances and ethnically oriented events receiving international attention throughout the year.

Sports teams[edit]

New York is home to the headquarters of the National Football League,^[257] Major League Baseball,^[258] the National Basketball Association,^[259] the National Hockey League,^[260] and Major League Soccer.^[261] Four of the ten most expensive stadiums ever built worldwide (MetLife Stadium, the new Yankee Stadium, Madison Square Garden, and Citi Field) are located in the New York metropolitan area.^[244] The New York metropolitan area has the highest total number of professional sports teams in these five leagues.

Listing of the professional sports teams in the New York metropolitan area:

National Basketball Association (NBA)
- Brooklyn Nets (Brooklyn, New York City)
- New York Knicks (Manhattan, New York City)
National Women's Soccer League (NWSL)
- Sky Blue FC (Harrison, New Jersey)
Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA)
- New York Liberty (Brooklyn, New York City)
Major League Baseball (MLB)
- New York Mets (Queens, New York City)
- New York Yankees (The Bronx, New York City)
Major League Soccer (MLS)
- New York City (The Bronx, New York City)
- New York Red Bulls (Harrison, New Jersey)
Minor League Baseball (MiLB)
- Eastern League (AA)
  - Trenton Thunder (Yankees) (Trenton, New Jersey)
- South Atlantic League (A)
  - Lakewood BlueClaws (Phillies) (Lakewood Township, New Jersey)
- New York-Penn League (SS)
  - Brooklyn Cyclones (Mets) (Brooklyn, New York City)
  - Hudson Valley Renegades (Rays) (Fishkill, New York)
  - Staten Island Yankees (Yankees) (Staten Island, New York City)
Atlantic League of Professional Baseball (ALPB)
- Bridgeport Bluefish (Bridgeport, Connecticut)
- Long Island Ducks (Central Islip, New York)
- Somerset Patriots (Bridgewater Township, New Jersey)
Canadian American Association of Professional Baseball (CanAm League)
- New Jersey Jackals (Little Falls, New Jersey)
- Newark Bears (Newark, New Jersey)
- Rockland Boulders (Pomona, New York)
National Football League (NFL)
- New York Giants (East Rutherford, New Jersey)
- New York Jets (East Rutherford, New Jersey)
XFL
- New York Guardians (East Rutherford, New Jersey)
National Hockey League (NHL)
- New Jersey Devils (Newark, New Jersey)
- New York Islanders (Brooklyn, New York City)
- New York Rangers (Manhattan, New York City)
American Hockey League (AHL)
- Bridgeport Sound Tigers (Islanders) (Bridgeport, Connecticut)
Major League Lacrosse (outdoor) (MLL)
- New York Lizards (Hempstead, New York)
College Sports (NCAA Division I)
- Army Black Knights (West Point, New York)
- Columbia University Lions (Manhattan, New York City)
- Fairfield University Stags (Fairfield, Connecticut)
- Fairleigh Dickinson University Knights (Teaneck, New Jersey)
- Fordham University Rams (The Bronx, New York City)
- Hofstra University Pride (Hempstead, New York)
- Iona College Gaels (New Rochelle, New York)
- Long Island University Blackbirds (Brooklyn, New York City)
- Manhattan College Jaspers and Lady Jaspers (The Bronx, New York City)
- Marist College Red Foxes (Poughkeepsie, New York)
- Monmouth University Hawks (West Long Branch, New Jersey)
- New Jersey Institute of Technology Highlanders (Newark, New Jersey)
- Princeton University Tigers (Princeton, New Jersey)
- Quinnipiac University Bobcats (Hamden, Connecticut)
- Rider University Broncs (Lawrenceville, New Jersey)
- Rutgers University Scarlet Knights (New Brunswick, New Jersey)
- Sacred Heart University Pioneers (Fairfield, Connecticut)
- St. Peter's University Peacocks and Peahens (Jersey City, New Jersey)
- St. Francis Brooklyn Terriers (Brooklyn, New York City)
- St. John's University Red Storm (Queens, New York City)
- Seton Hall University Pirates (South Orange, New Jersey)
- Stony Brook University Seawolves (Stony Brook, New York)
- Wagner College Seahawks (Staten Island, New York City)
- Yale University Bulldogs (New Haven, Connecticut)

Media[edit]

The New York metropolitan area is home to the headquarters of several well-known media companies, subsidiaries, and publications, including Thomson Reuters, The New York Times Company, the Associated Press, WarnerMedia, NBCUniversal, the Hearst Corporation, ViacomCBS, News Corporation, The Wall Street Journal, Fox News, ABC, CBS, and NBC. Local television channels broadcasting to the New York market include WCBS-TV 2 (CBS), WNBC 4 (NBC), WNYW 5 (FOX), WABC-TV 7 (ABC), WWOR-TV 9 (MyNetworkTV), WPIX 11 (CW), WNET 13 (PBS), WNYE-TV 25 (NYC Media) and WPXN-TV 31 (Ion). NY1 is a 24/7 local news provider available only to cable television subscribers. Radio stations serving the area include: WNYC, WKCR, WFMU, WABC-AM, and WFAN. Many television and radio stations use the top of the Empire State Building to broadcast their terrestrial television signals, while some media entities broadcast from studios in Times Square.

The New York metropolitan area is extensive enough so that its own channels must compete with channels from neighboring television markets (including Philadelphia, Scranton/Wilkes-Barre, and Hartford) within its outlying counties. Cable companies offer such competition in the Pennsylvania portion, Connecticut, and a few counties in central New Jersey.

Theme parks[edit]

In New Jersey[edit]

Skyline of Six Flags Great Adventure in Jackson Township, Ocean County, New Jersey, the world's largest theme park in 2013.^[262] To the far left is Kingda Ka, the world's tallest roller coaster.^[263]

Main Park	Other Parks	Location	Year Opened
Six Flags Great Adventure	Six Flags Wild Safari, Six Flags Hurricane Harbor	Jackson	1974
Land of Make Believe	None	Hope	1954
Mountain Creek Waterpark	None	Vernon	1998

In New York State[edit]

Coney Island, in Brooklyn, is considered one of America's first amusement parks.

Playland, Rye, Westchester County

Plans were unveiled by New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg on September 27, 2012 for the New York Wheel, a giant Ferris wheel, to be built at the northern shore of Staten Island, overlooking the Statue of Liberty, New York Harbor, and the Lower Manhattan skyline.^[264]

In Pennsylvania[edit]

Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom in Allentown, Pennsylvania
Sesame Place in Langhorne, Pennsylvania

Area codes[edit]

The area is served by at least 26 area codes:

212: Serves Manhattan and is overlaid with 646 and 917.
718: Serves all other boroughs of New York City and is overlaid with 347, 917, and 929.
917: Serves all of New York City.
516: Serves Nassau County.
631: Serves Suffolk County.
914: Serves Westchester County.
845: Serves the Hudson Valley counties of Southern New York State.
570 & 272: Serves Pike CountyPennsylvania.
203 & 475: Serves Southwestern Connecticut,
860 & 959: Serves the rest of Connecticut not served by 203 or 475.
201: Serves most of Bergen County, as well as parts of Essex, Hudson, and Passaic in Northern New Jersey, and is overlaid with 551.
973: Serves portions of Bergen, Essex, Hudson, Morris, Passaic, Sussex, and portions of Union County in New Jersey, and is overlaid with 862.
908: Serves communities in Union County, Somerset County, northern parts of Middlesex County, Hunterdon County, Warren County, and Morris County as well as some cell phones in Monmouth County in New Jersey.
732: Serves Middlesex County, Somerset County, portions of Union County, and Monmouth and northern Ocean counties in New Jersey; overlaid with 848.
609 & 640: Serves Mercer County and parts of Middlesex, Monmouth, and Ocean Counties.

Notes[edit]

^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1981 to 2010.
^ Official weather observations for Central Park were conducted at the Arsenal at Fifth Avenue and 64th Street from 1869 to 1919, and at Belvedere Castle since 1919.^[83]

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External links[edit]

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v t e New York metropolitan area
Counties	Bergen Bronx Dutchess Essex Fairfield Hudson Hunterdon Kings Litchfield Mercer Middlesex Monmouth Monroe Morris Nassau New Haven New York Ocean Orange Passaic Pike Putnam Queens Richmond Rockland Somerset Suffolk Sussex Ulster Union Westchester
Major cities	New York City The Bronx Brooklyn Manhattan Queens Staten Island
Cities and towns over 100,000	Babylon Bridgeport Brookhaven Edison Elizabeth Hempstead Huntington Islip Jersey City New Haven Newark North Hempstead Oyster Bay Paterson Smithtown Stamford Waterbury Woodbridge Yonkers
Cities and towns over 25,000	Bayonne Bergenfield Branford Cheshire Clifton Danbury East Haven East Orange Englewood Ewing Township Fairfield Fair Lawn Fort Lee Freehold Township Garfield Greenwich Hackensack Hamden Hamilton Township, Mercer County Hoboken Howell Kearny Long Beach Long Branch Mahwah Manalapan Marlboro Meriden Middletown, NJ Middletown, NY Milford Montclair Mount Vernon Naugatuck New Brunswick New Milford New Rochelle Newburgh Newtown Norwalk Old Bridge Paramus Passaic Perth Amboy Plainfield Poughkeepsie Rahway Shelton Stratford Teaneck Torrington Trenton Trumbull Union City Wallingford West Haven Westfield Westport White Plains
Cities and towns over 10,000	Ansonia Asbury Park Beacon Bethel Brookfield Coolbaugh Township Darien Derby Dover Dumont East Stroudsburg Edgewater Elmwood Park Fairview Franklin Lakes Freehold Borough Glen Rock Guildford Guttenberg Harrison, NJ Harrison, NY Hasbrouck Heights Hazlet Hillsdale Holmdel Kingston Linden Little Ferry Lodi Lyndhurst Madison Monroe Morristown New Canaan New Fairfield New Milford North Arlington North Branford North Haven Oakland Orange Palisades Park Plymouth Peekskill Ramsey Red Bank Ridgefield, CT Ridgefield, NJ Ridgefield Park Ridgewood Rutherford Rye Saddle Brook Scarsdale Secaucus Seymour Somerville Southbury Stroud Township Summit Tenafly Wallington Watertown West Milford West New York Weston Westwood Wilton Winchester Wolcott Wyckoff
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v t e State of New Jersey
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v t e State of Connecticut
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v t e Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
Harrisburg (capital)
Topics	Index Delegations Government History Geography Geology Law Pennsylvanians State parks Symbols Tourist attractions	Seal of Pennsylvania
Society	Agriculture Culture Crime Demographics Economy Education Gambling Politics Sports
Metro areas	Altoona Baltimore-Washington Erie Harrisburg–Carlisle Johnstown Lancaster Lebanon Lehigh Valley New York Philadelphia Pittsburgh Reading Scranton‑Wilkes-Barre State College Williamsport York-Hanover
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Counties	Adams Allegheny Armstrong Beaver Bedford Berks Blair Bradford Bucks Butler Cambria Cameron Carbon Centre Chester Clarion Clearfield Clinton Columbia Crawford Cumberland Dauphin Delaware Elk Erie Fayette Forest Franklin Fulton Greene Huntingdon Indiana Jefferson Juniata Lackawanna Lancaster Lawrence Lebanon Lehigh Luzerne Lycoming McKean Mercer Mifflin Monroe Montgomery Montour Northampton Northumberland Perry Philadelphia Pike Potter Schuylkill Snyder Somerset Sullivan Susquehanna Tioga Union Venango Warren Washington Wayne Westmoreland Wyoming York

v t e Northeast megaregion as defined by RPA
Metropolitan areas have +150,000 according to source at the time estimated.
Mid-Atlantic cities	Atlantic City Baltimore city Frederick Hampton Roads Virginia Beach Norfolk Newport News Harrisburg city Kingston Lancaster New York city Newark Philadelphia city Poughkeepsie-Newburgh Poughkeepsie Newburgh Reading Richmond city Trenton Washington city York
New England cities	Barnstable Town Boston city Bridgeport city Stamford Hartford city Manchester New Haven city Norwich - New London Portland Providence city Springfield city Waterbury Worcester
Other metro-regions	Baltimore–Washington Hartford–Springfield
Other megaregions